-
1 # 世界界長123
-
2 # 心靈小語
所謂語序,就是句子的結構順序,句子複雜了,語序的作用就體現出來的
最基礎的句子語序如下, 一、跟在及物動詞後的由連線副詞或連線代詞how,when,where,why,who,which,whom, what,whose以及whether,if 引導的賓語從句要用陳述句語序,即主語、謂語不必顛倒.例如: I can"t describe what I felt at that moment. Could you tell me why many writers are not fully appreciated until long after they die?
二、在以think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中,儘管從句表示否定意義,一般卻是透過否定主句的謂語動詞來否定從句.例如: Don"t expect that he will come here in time next Sunday. I don"t believe that they could finish the work within this week.
三、由as引導的讓步狀語從句,常常用部分倒裝.例如: Young as he is,he is excellent in his work. Poor health as she has,she insists on working hard in her post.
四、句首為帶有否定意義的詞或片語時,常用部分倒裝. 這類詞或片語有:hardly,little,never,not until,no sooner,at no time,by no means,in/ under no circumstances,in vain,no longer,not often等.例如: Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state. Not only is he a talented president of a university,but also he is open-minded. 否定副詞如果放在句首隻是限定主語而非修飾全句,則句子不必倒裝.例如: No survivor has yet been found. 五、有些表示程度的副詞或短語作狀語而又置於句首時,句子用部分倒裝表示強調.這類詞或片語有:so...that,to such an extent,to such a degree,to such extremes等.例如: So hard does she study that all her teachers like her. So late was he for the class that the teacher criticized him.
六、句首為“only +狀語”時,常用部分倒裝.例如: Only by changing your working style can you be accepted by your colleagues. Only then did I realize how childish I was in hoping him to change his habit.
七、在比較和方式狀語從句中,如果主語不是人稱代詞,常可在主語前新增助動詞或系動詞代替前面出現過的動詞,形成一種部分倒裝的形式.例如: The standard of living of the people in our country now is much higher than was the case ten years ago. I spent more time on practicing my oral English than did most of my classmates when I was at college.
八、在含虛擬語氣的條件句中,如果if被省略,那麼were,had或should要移至主語之前.例如: Were there no gravity,there would be no air around the earth. Should anyone come to our home to sell things,don"t let him /her in. 另外,在一些感嘆句和某些表示祝願的句子裡,已形成一種固定結構的倒裝表達法.例如: How wonderful is the fashion show! Long live our friendship! 九、hardly,barely,scarcely和when連用以及no sooner和than連用時,形成固定的倒裝結構,表示一件事緊接著另一件事發生,意為“一……就……”.在時態上,主句一般用過去完成時,而從句用過去時.例如: Scarcely had I left home for school,when it began to rain heavily. Hardly had I put down the phone,when the phone rang again. No sooner had the result of the appointment of some leader positions turned out,than came some rejections.
你覺得奇怪,是因為你不是母語使用者。
-
3 # Sounds_of_silence
我是個工科生,英語還不錯,說一下我的理解。
英語和漢語的主幹結構基本上是一樣的,比如The girl bought a dictionary.女孩買了一本詞典。語序不一樣的主要是狀語和定語等等的修飾成分。The girl in yellow bought a dictionary in the afternoon the day before yesterday .前天下午,一個穿著黃色衣服的女孩買了一本詞典。大家可以比較一下,狀語和定語的位置是正好相反的。
當然,對於簡單的形容詞定語語序是一樣的,a giant oak table ,巨大的橡木桌。
對於定語從句,語序經常是不一樣的,The girl who was in yellow bought a dictionary which was printed by The Commercial Press .這個穿著黃色衣服的女孩買了一本商務印書館印刷的詞典。
其實我們漢語中有很多倒裝句,但是我們都習以為常了。這裡來了個人:Here comes a person .外面站著個人:Outside stands a person .
英語語法很嚴格,但是翻譯成漢語是不嚴格的,我只寫了一小部分,最好的方法還是練習培養語感多總結。
-
4 # 語境思維
其一,奇怪是因為:漢英的賓語用法大不相同。漢語經常提前說賓語,簡稱提賓,漢語的常用語序是:主詞→賓詞→動詞。
①用“把”提賓:可說“請吃飯”(Get it),常說“請把飯吃了”。可說“光碟行動”(get plates clean, take a clean-plate action),常說“把盤餐吃光”。請問:日語、韓語的賓語位置?
②用“為”提賓。例:“請把飯給我吃了”(Get it for me),這裡的“給”=“替”=“幫”=帶我“代”=“為”。例:可說“服務人民”(serve the people),常說“為人民服務”。例:“代我向他問好” (Say hell to him for me)。
其二,漢英的狀語位置,語序相近。漢英的長定語,語序相反。漢英的補足語,語序相同。以下術語不要緊,只要看懂例句就行。
①主語補足語:例:“這道菜吃起來有點魚腥味”(The course eats fishy, or, The course is of fish to eat)。例:“他跑得快”(He runs fast)。例:“這把刀用起來很順手”(The knife suits to hand)。
②賓語補足語:例:“我看你行”(I see you as able)。“我要你來”(I need you to come)。例:“我離你留”(I leave you at home)。
其三,口語重在語序,語序重在賓語,賓語重在就近(Closest Principle)。若賓位正確,則脫口而出。以“get”為例。
①單詞做賓語,尤其代詞,緊隨動詞後。把它拿過來 (get it here)。例:“把它連起來”(get it joined)。例:“把兩眼閉上”(get eyes closed)。例:“把雙手舉起”(get hands up)。
②涉及主語補足語或小品詞,用介詞標誌長賓語。例:“把不常用的應用軟體卸下來”(get off with applications that are not useful)。例:“我又把我原來搞明白的東西又搞糊塗了” (I got dimmed again with what I have seen)。試想:不用介詞,有什麼後果?
③涉及賓語補足語或小品詞,用it充當先行詞。例:“你或許先要把怎麼做人的道理搞明白” (You may first get it clear how to be a man)。例:“我認為讓他擔此重任合情合理” (I think of it reasonable for him to take the role)。
-
5 # 英語就是一棵樹
英語的語序問題是個大問題。從宏觀上講,英語的語序原則有三個。
一、要者居首。句子中主謂賓都在句子的前邊,並要緊緊相連,不被分開。特殊疑問句中疑問詞是最重要的部分,疑問詞放在句首。感嘆句中,被感嘆的部分放在最前面。
二、末端重量。英語造句要求主語部分要簡短,複雜的部分要放在句末端。例如不定式短語,從句等作主語時,要用it作形式主語,放在主語的位置,而將真正的主語移到句尾。
三、末端資訊。簡單講,從資訊理論角度講,新的資訊要放在句尾。
語序是個大問題,這裡簡單講一講。有興趣,請大家檢視語法書。
回覆列表
個人認為語法要求是學外語時才有的。中英都一樣,甚至中文要求更嚴,只不過我們生長在漢語環境,語感好,就忽略了語法,基本也不會出錯。我們學外語,因為說的少,毫無語感可言,沒有語法約束出口必錯。但是,如果你問一個外華人,英語中賓表定狀補是什麼,他可能也不知道。