他沒立皇后與太子！最初的老婆是戰國時趙國的公主敏代（公子扶蘇之母，後來由於嫪毐兵變而死），後來就多了！

秦始皇沒有立後秦始皇是中國歷史上公認的“千古一帝”，對中國的影響遠超其他帝王。然而，他終身沒有立過皇后，使得“千古一帝”少了個“千古一後”與之對應，無疑是中國歷史一大遺憾。關於秦始皇為何不設老婆，說法多如牛毛，歸納起來，至少有兩大原因：

1、為求長生延遲立皇后 秦始皇13歲即位到22歲親政，中間有9年的太平天子時間，也正是古代男子要娶妻的時間。即位3年，他便有資格立後，但前後9年都未立後。22歲到39歲的17年是其自己掌權、統一六國的時間，國事繁忙，在後方立後也不費事。從39歲到50歲時，秦始皇多在巡遊路上，但是立後以“母儀天下”也花不了多少時間。“秦朝雖短，但秦始皇有充足的時間立皇后，不是他來不及立皇后，實際上是他自己不願意，更非其母親不操心，也非大臣不盡職。” 秦始皇在有機會立皇后的時間內未立皇后有許多原因，但主要原因是很複雜的。除性格多疑恐皇后掣肘外，還跟秦始皇追求長生不老和後宮美女過多有關。秦始皇曾4次巡視六國故地，其中3次都會見了徐福等方士以求長生不老之藥，甚至派徐福率領3000童男童女赴東海神山求藥。“正是有長生不老的厚望和六國佳麗充斥著後宮，一定程度上延遲了秦始皇立後的程序。”

2、由怨母而仇視女人 史載，秦始皇的母親行為失謹，穢亂後宮，並生了兩個兒子。這使秦始皇在思想上受害甚深，可謂是終生難忘的傷痛。為此，他把母親趕出了首都咸陽，後來雖有悔過，但至死未讓她再住咸陽。張敏說：“由怨母而仇視女人的心理陰影，使秦始皇長大後在婚姻能力上未能健康發展。宮中眾多女人，僅僅是為滿足他的生理需要。由母親行為而形成的心理障礙，也是秦始皇遲遲未立後的重要因素之一。” 秦始皇統一六國後，東方六國的佳麗盡充後宮，要選一個名門之後的賢淑女子也是一個難題。何況秦始皇自認功德超過了古代的聖王——三皇五帝，皇后的標準難定，選定皇后就更難了。

He didn"t set up queen and Prince! My first wife was Mindai, the princess of Zhao state in the Warring States period (the mother of Fu Su, my son). Later, she died of the mutiny, and many more!

Qin Shihuang didn"t establish a queen

Qin Shihuang is recognized as "one emperor for thousands of years" in Chinese history, and his influence on China is far greater than other emperors. However, he never set up a queen in his life, which makes "one emperor for all ages" lack a corresponding "one queen for all ages", which is undoubtedly a great regret in Chinese history. There are many arguments about why Qin Shihuang didn"t have a wife. To sum up, there are at least two reasons

1. Delay the establishment of queen for longevity

The first emperor of Qin ascended the throne at the age of 13 to be in charge at the age of 22. There were nine years in between when he was the son of Taiping, which was also the time when men wanted to marry in ancient times. Three years after he ascended the throne, he was qualified to become a queen, but he did not become a queen for nine years. The 17 years between the ages of 22 and 39 are the time for him to take power and unify the six countries. His state affairs are busy, and it is no trouble for him to set up his post. From the age of 39 to 50, Qin Shihuang was mostly on the road of cruising, but it didn"t take much time for him to be his mother. "Although the Qin Dynasty was short, the first emperor of Qin had enough time to establish a queen. It wasn"t because he didn"t have time to establish a queen. In fact, it was because he didn"t want to, let alone because his mother didn"t worry, or because his ministers didn"t do their duty."

There are many reasons why Qin Shihuang didn"t establish a queen when he had the chance to establish a queen, but the main reason is very complicated. Besides being suspicious and afraid of the restriction of the empress, it is also related to the pursuit of immortality and too many beautiful women in the harem. The first emperor of Qin visited the places of the six countries four times, three of which met with Xu Fu and other alchemists for the medicine of immortality, and even sent Xu Fu to lead 3000 boys and girls to seek medicine in the holy mountain of the East China Sea. "It was the hope of immortality and the beauties of the six kingdoms that filled the harem, which delayed the process of Emperor Qinshihuang"s establishment to a certain extent."

2. Hate women instead of mothers

According to historical records, Qin Shihuang"s mother was disobedient and disorderly, and gave birth to two sons. This made the first emperor of Qin suffer deeply in thought, which can be said to be an unforgettable pain. For this reason, he drove his mother out of the capital Xianyang. Although he repented later, he did not let her live in Xianyang until she died. Zhang Min said: "the psychological shadow of resentment against mother and hatred against woman made the first emperor of Qin fail to develop his marriage ability healthily when he grew up. Many women in the palace just meet his physiological needs. The psychological barrier formed by the mother"s behavior is also one of the important factors for the delay of Emperor Qinshihuang"s establishment. "

After the unification of the six states by the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, the beauties of the six Oriental states filled the harem. It was also a difficult problem to choose a virtuous woman after a famous family. What"s more, Qin Shihuang"s self recognition of merit and virtue surpassed that of the ancient sage king, the three emperors and five emperors. It"s hard to determine the standard of empress, and it"s even more difficult to select a queen.

秦始皇叫趙政或秦政均可，極少叫嬴政的。圓滑一點，稱“秦王政”是不會錯的。在中國文化上，極少稱呼姓名，希望傳承民族文化的華人最好明白這一點基本常識。

秦始皇是不是姓秦？我們都知道秦始皇嬴政，但是他是不是姓秦呢？我的得到的答案是否定的。

首先在百度百科上秦始皇，嬴姓，趙氏，名政，又名趙正（政）、秦政，或稱祖龍，秦莊襄王之子。但是先秦時期是稱氏不稱姓的所以秦始皇又叫趙政。

說秦國為嬴姓趙氏的，多受司馬遷的《史紀》影響。而司馬遷的時代，姓氏已然不分。司馬遷在《史記·秦本紀》中敘述了秦的世系，包括秦始皇、二世和子嬰之後，總結秦之先為贏姓。還有就是，《史記·秦始皇本紀》“以秦昭王四十八年正月生於邯鄲。及生，名為政，姓趙氏。”最後就是呂姓，《史記·秦始皇本紀》“周曆已移，仁不代母。秦直其位，呂政殘虐。”

總的來說，先秦的歷史文獻中並沒有明確記載秦始皇的姓氏。我們現在大多是都是受司馬遷《史記》的影響，認為秦始皇是嬴姓趙氏。

秦始皇之名字，曰：嬴政？曰：趙政？亦或曰：呂政？

三者，皆見於《太史公書》，細繹之如下。

中國教科書皆稱“嬴政”，但是，《史記·秦始皇本紀》開篇即說：

         秦始皇帝者，秦莊襄王子也。莊襄王為秦質子於趙，見呂不韋姬，悅而取之，生始皇。以秦昭王四十八年正月生於邯鄲。及生，名為政，姓趙氏。

意思很明顯，秦始皇“名為政，姓趙氏”，據此可稱“趙政”。

但太史公在《本紀》中又追溯了秦人與趙人的祖先淵源：

  秦之先為贏姓。其後分封，以國為姓，有徐氏、郯氏、莒氏、終黎氏、運奄氏、菟裘氏、將梁氏、黃氏、江氏、修魚氏、白冥氏、蜚廉氏、秦氏。然秦以其先(祖)造父封趙城，為趙氏。

這裡是說秦人之先祖本為“贏姓”，但周天子分封諸侯，以國為姓，秦人祖先之一“造父”，被封於趙城，故又稱“趙氏”。

也就是說，趙氏，本為贏姓，同為一家，後因分封而改。

然而，“造父”者何？乃舜時伯益之裔。《史記- 秦本紀》曾載：

昔伯翳(益)為舜主畜，畜多息，故有土，賜姓嬴。

這裡，又追溯了秦宗室以“嬴”為姓之源。

又，造父，乃周代穆王駕御車輿之御，地位很高。古代“六藝”——禮、樂、射、御、書、數中，御，排位第四。

相傳，造父御術很高，能駕八駿馬車奔跑，步調一致。

《史記·趙世家》說：穆王“西巡狩，見西王母。”適徐偃王反，造父御車，日行千里，送穆王回鎬京，平息偃王之亂。故《史記·秦本紀》又載曰：

        造父為穆王御，長驅歸周，一日千里以救亂。

但《史記·趙世家》稱造父為趙氏祖先。

如是，秦始皇為趙氏，確定無疑。

注意：上古中國之姓與氏，頗有區別：

       姓，代表母親血統；

       氏，代表支系（部落）。

所以，秦始皇姓趙，隨部族支系姓，沒錯；

姓嬴，隨母系民族姓，也沒錯。

又，秦始皇之名曰“政”，乃因他於“秦昭王四十八年正月生於邯鄲”，故起名曰“正”。而“正”與“政”古通。所以，

秦始皇因生趙國，故稱“趙政(正)”；

其回秦國後，復其族姓，故又稱“贏政(正)”。

為此，清人顧炎武對司馬遷還提出了批評，其在《日知錄》中說：

        姓、氏之稱，自太史公始混而為一，本紀於秦始皇則曰“姓趙氏”，於漢高祖則曰“姓劉氏”。

這是說，司馬遷對其筆下歷史人物的稱謂，前後不統一，稱秦始皇以部族支系稱“趙氏”，稱漢高祖又依氏族稱“劉氏”。

不過，秦始皇在《史記·秦始皇本紀》中還有一名字曰“呂政”：

        周曆已移，仁不代母。秦直其位，呂政殘虐。

在這裡，太史公又將嬴政、趙政稱為“呂政”。

這好解釋，太史公在此，實是暗斥秦始皇為呂不韋之子。(是與不是，此處不辯)

綜上所述，說秦始皇姓嬴，是追其總根；說秦始皇姓趙，是指其支系；說秦始皇姓呂，是講其現狀或者在轉述傳聞。這三種說法都出自太史公。

客觀地講，都有其根據，不能斷然說誰對誰錯。

秦始皇者，嬴政也，趙政也，呂政也。

不過，以鄙見，還是不叫“呂政”好。