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《技經四座——雅思聽力閱讀技巧機經考點庫》

情況五：因果關係的題目，如果其中一個關鍵詞與原文對應，另一個關鍵詞原文不存在，答案多為FALSE。

在因果關係的題目中，題目經常將原文中原因換掉，導致題目錯誤，而很多學員在原文沒有找到題目關鍵詞會盲目選擇未提及。因果關係詞彙due to、result in、result from、lead to、because of、attribute to等。

真題例項：《劍橋雅思真題4》Test2 Passage1 Question10

【題目】The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.

【原文】Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers,but how old they are.

解題思路：

題目憑藉關鍵詞Navajo language輕鬆定位。原文強調納瓦霍語儘管有15萬使用者，但瀕臨滅絕的原因更多的是因為使用者的年紀，而不僅僅是數量。題目卻說納瓦霍語將會滅絕的原因是因為使用者太少。很明顯，與原文強調的原因不一致，答案為FALSE。

《劍橋雅思真題7》Test3 Passage3 Question28

【題目】Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community.

【原文】Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries the Mediterranean orthe Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded . However, this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.

解題思路：

題目憑藉關鍵詞“Nordic”輕鬆定位。原文中只有關鍵詞Nordic（北歐的）與題目對應，而關鍵詞European Economic Community全文並未出現，此時烤鴨們容易誤選NOT GIVEN。但原文強調因為地理位置的原因，因此將北歐的森林問題丟棄，而非因為題目強調的在歐洲經濟委員會之外，題目與原文的排除原因不同，答案為FALSE。

《劍橋雅思真題8》Test1 Passage2 Question20

【題目】The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.

【原文】An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration（FAA）to regulate and oversee the operation in the skies over the United States,which were becoming quite congested.

解題思路：

此題憑藉關鍵詞“FAA”輕鬆定位。同上一題思路一致，原文中只有關鍵詞FAA與題目對應，並沒有題目中的關鍵詞jet engine，但原文強調是空難事故導致了FAA的建立，而非發動機的引進，因此也屬於題目與原文原因不同，答案為FALSE。

情況六：關於金錢問題的膚淺比較或問題一般不是TRUE。

《劍橋雅思真題4》Test2 Passage2 Question21

【題目】Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.(NOT GIVEN)

《劍橋雅思真題5》Test3 Passage1 Question13

【題目】The richer families in the ‘Missouri’ programme had higher stress levels.(NOT GIVEN)

《劍橋雅思真題5》Test3 Passage3 Question34

【題目】Research into agent technology was more costly than research into neural networks.(NOT GIVEN)

《劍橋雅思真題9》Test3 Passage1 Question4

【題目】Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century.(NOT GIVEN)

《劍橋雅思真題10》Test1 Passage2 Question24

【題目】Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries.(NOT GIVEN)

《劍橋雅思真題12》Test8 Passage1 Question13

【題目】It is more expensive to produce recycled glass than to manufacture new glass.(FALSE）

https://weibo.com/p/1006066276442290/home?from=page_100606&mod=TAB&is_all=1#place

在雅思閱讀必考主流題型中，單項選擇題是中國學生最為熟悉的一種考題形式。但是，熟悉不同於容易解決，在閱讀中選擇題可以概括為“易定位，難解題”，即選擇題並不考查定位能力，考生可以透過題幹關鍵詞快速準確地定位到文中對應點，但是需要理解句意以及排除混淆項的干擾才能選出正確答案。鑑於選擇題目的重理解，強混淆及耗時多，許多考生對其“避之唯恐不及”。接下來，將帶領考生們一起全面剖析選擇題型。

一、單項選擇題型的特點

1、符合順序原則的細節題目。題目在原文中的對應點符合文章順序，在定位題目時應充分利用順序性原則加快定位速度及準確性。

例1 劍6 test 4 passage 3

31 A recent survey found that in Britain secondary schools

32 Children who are bullied

33 The writer thinks that declaration “there is no bullying at this school”

34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?

31題解題點定於文章A段最後一句，根據順序性原則32題應在B段首句開始定位，32題解題點定於B段最後一句，33題則應在C段首句開始定位，以此類推解決後面的選擇題的定位問題。

2、題幹中提取定位詞進行定位。定位詞通常為實意名詞，動詞及形容詞。絕大多數單項選擇題的定位問題可以依靠題幹解決，不涉及到四個選項。選擇題題幹可以分為兩大類：（一）題幹中明確指出出題段落，此類選擇題題目在文中的對應點相對較分散。（二）題幹中不提及涉及段落，此類選擇題目較之於第一種題幹形式在文中對應點相對緊湊，文中通常一段出一題或一段出兩題。

例1 劍8 test 2 passage 3 The meaning and power of smell

33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when

文中對應句：without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason......

題幹中aware of the importance與文中aware of the importance一致，為原詞，表示意識到嗅覺的重要性。

34 The experiment described in paragraph B

文中對應句：In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing......

題幹中的experiment與B段中test為同義詞轉換，表示試驗、測試。

35 What is the writer doing in paragraph C?

題幹中無其他關鍵詞，此題目解題需要從段首開始逐句理解對應選項。

36 What does the writer suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?

文中對應句：Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two--one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.

題幹中smell in the atmosphere對應到E段中odour, in the air為同義詞轉換，表示大氣中的氣味。

對於此類題幹中已經明確指出段落的選擇題，考生應直接在指定段落根據題幹中的關鍵詞具體定位。

例 2 劍7 test 4 passage 3 Effects of noise

27 The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the mountains because

文中對應句：And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially ‘too quiet"

題幹中sleeping in the mountains與文章第一段中的sleeping in the mountains一致，為原詞，表示在山林中入睡。

28 In noise experiments, Glass and Singer found that

文中對應句：For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise.

題幹中Glass and Singer與文章第一段中的Glass and Singer一致，為大寫原詞。

29 Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to interfere with the

文中對應句：For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of an aeroplane pilot or an air-traffic controller (Broadbent, 1957).

題幹中high noise levels, interfere與文章第二段中的high noise levels interfered一致，為原詞，表示高聲噪音干涉。

對於此類題幹中無指定解題段落的選擇題，考生應按照順序性根據題幹中關鍵詞從文中逐題定位，題目在文中相對集中出現。

二、單項選擇題型正確選項的選擇規律

單項選擇題型正確選項的選擇一般需要理解文中1-3句話解題，不涉及跨段理解，譬如，根據定位句定位到某段段末句，此題只需要理解段末一句即可，不會涉及下一段的句子。另外，正確選項與文中對應句存在對應點（多為同根詞替換，同義詞替換，句子釋義轉換）。

例1 劍8 test 2 passage 3 The meaning and power of smell

33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when

A. we discover a new smell.

B. we experience a powerful smell.

C. our ability to smell is damaged.

D. we are surrounded by odours.

正確答案：C

文中對應句：For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being.

題幹考查什麼時候人們能夠意識到嗅覺的重要性，文中提到只有當嗅覺的感知由於某些原因損傷後我們才開始意識到嗅覺對於我們的重要性。C選項中的damage與文中impair為同義詞轉換關係，表示損壞。

例2 劍7 teat 4 passage 3 Effects of noise

27 The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the mountains because

A. humans do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.

B. they may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.

C. humans prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sleep.

D. they may have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.

正確答案：D

文中對應句：And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially ‘too quiet", an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels.

題幹考查山林入睡困難的原因，文中提到山林中入睡困難的經歷表明人們有能力適應高噪音範圍的噪音。D選項中的adapted與文中adapting對應，表示適應。

例3 劍9 test 4 passage 3 The development of museums

33 The writer says that museums, heritage sites and theme parks

A. often work in close partnership.

B. try to preserve separate identities.

C. have similar exhibits.

D. are less easy to distinguish than before.

正確答案：D

文中對應句：In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. They already borrow ideas and concepts from one another.

題幹考查heritage sites與theme parks之間的關係，文中指出在最近的發展中，博物館，遺址與主題公園之間的明顯區別正在逐漸消失，它們互相借鑑分享觀點與理念。D選項為它們之間不如之前好區分，選項與文中答案出處為句子釋義關係。

考生在選擇答案時一定要考慮所選答案與文中出處是否存在對應點。

三、單項選擇題型中的混淆項歸類

單項選擇題目的難度高除了考查考生們對於句子的理解能力之外，選項之間的混淆項是對考生設定的另一個障礙。在選擇題目中，混淆項的陷阱通常可以分為兩大類：“答非所問”類陷阱，“雷同相似”類陷阱。

1、“答非所問”類陷阱。此類陷阱指的是某些選項與文中對應處的句子完全或幾乎完全相同，但是與題幹主題毫無關係。

例1 劍6 test 4 passage 3

32 Children who are bullied

A. are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

B. find it more difficult to relate to adults.

C. are less likely to be violent in later life.

D. may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

正確答案：D

文中對應處：Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

文中指出受到欺凌的孩童成年後會經歷人際關係方面的困難，所以答案為D。混淆項C選項與文中children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent詞彙幾乎相同，但是題幹考查的是受到校園暴力的學生會怎樣，文中句意為持續欺凌他人的孩子會更暴力，因此跟題幹毫無關係，不需要繞彎去考慮C選項。

例2 劍7 test 1 passage 1

27 The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with

A. the power of suggestion in learning

B. a particular technique for leaning based on emotions.

C. the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.

D. ways of learning which are not traditional.

正確答案：D

文中對應點：Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One the theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.

文中為教育心理學主要探討完全嶄新的學習方法，描述情感，想象以及下意識對於學習的影響，因此答案為D. 與傳統不同的教學方法。混淆項A選項與文中focuses on the power of suggestion完全相同，但是題幹考查的是書涉及的內容，但是focuses on the power of suggestion在文中的主語為One the theory discussed in the book書中討論的一個理論，因此A選項與題幹毫無關係，屬於答非所問。

2、“雷同相似”類陷阱。此類陷阱指的是某些選項中的詞彙與題目涉及的對應句相似，但是此類選項屬於偷換概念，即詞彙相似但邏輯等關係與文中不符。

例1 劍6 test 4 passage 3

32 Children who are bullied

A. are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

B. find it more difficult to relate to adults.

C. are less likely to be violent in later life.

D. may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

正確答案：D

文中對應處：Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

文中指出受到欺凌的孩童成年後會經歷人際關係方面的困難，所以答案為D。混淆項B選項為受欺凌的孩子很難與成年人相處，與Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults詞彙相似度很高，但是文中句意為受欺凌的孩子成年後人際關係處理有困難，B選項與文中句子無法正確對應。

例2 劍7 teat 4 passage 3 Effects of noise

28 In noise experiments, Glass and Singer found that

A. problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.

B. physiological arousal prevents the ability to work.

C. bursts of noise do not seriously disrupt problem-solving in the long term.

D. the physiological arousal of control subjects declined quickly.

正確答案：C

文中對應處：For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.

文中指出試驗測試人們聽到噪音後解決問題的能力以及噪音引起的生理反應。結果表明噪音最初具有擾亂性，但是4分鐘之後聽到噪音的實驗人表現得與參照組的人一樣好。聽到噪音的實驗人的生理反應很快下降到參照組人們的水平。混淆項D選項與Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects詞彙完全重合，但是D選項偷換了概念，文中意為噪音對於實驗人的影響只是最初的，四分鐘之後表現得跟參照組（即未聽到噪音的人）一樣，聽到噪音的實驗人的生理反應很快下降到跟參照組的相同。但是D選項為參照組的生理反應下降很快。

哈哈哈你是想集齊全部做題技巧然後召喚神龍嗎？既然你誠心誠意的問了，那我就大發慈悲的告訴你。

如果你在判斷題中，題目裡，看到表格裡的單詞，絕大多數選False，看到綠色的想都不用想，直接選False。