1.by
(1)表示方法,手段。即“用。。。, 透過。。。。”相當於by means of 如:
All work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工進行的。
He makes a living by teaching 他以教書為生。
(2)表示傳達、傳遞的方式或煤介。如:
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
你是怎麼傳送的這信,是透過航天郵件還是普通郵件?
(3)表示用交通工具、通訊工具後接名詞單數,不加冠詞。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus. 他是乘火車來的,可是他老婆是坐公共汽車來的。
注意下面兩句的區別:
Did you come by train? =Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名詞”構成的片語有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
(4)指數量增加或減少到的程度,相差。
We lost the match by one goal 我們僅以一球之差輸了比賽。
(5)根據,按照
pay sb by the hour /day/week
Sell sth by the pound /meter/ dozen
sell sth by weight/length
As a rule,domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour 通常,家政服務是按照小時計酬的。
2. through
(1) 表示“以;透過;經由”。如:
He succeeded through hard work.
(2) 空間上透過,透過,經過
Light comes in through the window。光線從窗戶進來。
(3) 時間上透過, 自始至終,從頭到尾經過
He often works through the night 他常常通宵工作。
注意:在表示手段時,by, through有時也可換用。如:
Through / By his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
1.by
(1)表示方法,手段。即“用。。。, 透過。。。。”相當於by means of 如:
All work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工進行的。
He makes a living by teaching 他以教書為生。
(2)表示傳達、傳遞的方式或煤介。如:
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
你是怎麼傳送的這信,是透過航天郵件還是普通郵件?
(3)表示用交通工具、通訊工具後接名詞單數,不加冠詞。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus. 他是乘火車來的,可是他老婆是坐公共汽車來的。
注意下面兩句的區別:
Did you come by train? =Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名詞”構成的片語有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
(4)指數量增加或減少到的程度,相差。
We lost the match by one goal 我們僅以一球之差輸了比賽。
(5)根據,按照
pay sb by the hour /day/week
Sell sth by the pound /meter/ dozen
sell sth by weight/length
As a rule,domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour 通常,家政服務是按照小時計酬的。
2. through
(1) 表示“以;透過;經由”。如:
He succeeded through hard work.
(2) 空間上透過,透過,經過
Light comes in through the window。光線從窗戶進來。
(3) 時間上透過, 自始至終,從頭到尾經過
He often works through the night 他常常通宵工作。
注意:在表示手段時,by, through有時也可換用。如:
Through / By his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.