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  • 1 # 英語幫幫

    賓語從句是初中所學的三大從句(賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句)之一,也是中考重點考查的語法專案。中考對賓語從句的考查有三個要點:一是賓語從句的引導詞,二是賓語從句中謂語的時態,三是當引導詞為疑問詞時,從句的語序問題。對於第一點要搞清楚賓語從句引導詞,按照詞性分為三類:代詞(what,who),副詞(when,where,why,how)連線詞(that, if,whether)。對於第二點,一般要求從句時態與主句一致,但要具體問題具體分析,也有主句與從句分別講的是不同時間的事。對於第三點,不管引導詞是否為疑問詞,從句都不能用疑問句語序(即部分倒裝語序)。

  • 2 # 槍哥無詞英語

    賓語從句,和其他從句型別一樣,判斷的核心仍然要回到核心的簡單句結構上。也就是說,當這個從句在整個句子中充當賓語成分時,它就是賓語從句。這個句子也由一個引導詞連線,其引導詞和主語從句引導詞相同。

    比如:專家預測全球氣溫在十年後將會高得多。

    Experts predict that global temperature will be much higher in 10 years.

    接下來我們從賓語從句的引導詞、時態、語序三個方面來學習。

    賓語從句的引導詞

    和主語從句類似,賓語從句的引導詞有三類:that(在句中無意義,可以省略)、what/whatever(有模糊的意義)和6Wh+How(有明確的意義)。所以,首先我們需要判斷引導詞是否可以省略,再進一步判斷這個引導詞所表達的含義。

    舉個例子:

    They weren’t certain about when they should hold the meeting this week.

    他們不確定(關於)本週他們該什麼時候開會。

    這是介詞about+賓語從句 “when they should hold the meeting this week”,when在賓語從句中擔任時間狀語,譯為“什麼時候”。

    It is determined by where the office is.

    這由辦公室在哪裡決定。

    這是介詞by+賓語從句“where the office is.”,where在賓語從句中擔任表語,譯為“在哪裡”。

    這兩個句子中的引導詞在從句中都有特定的語法功能,不可省略。同時其表意有具體的區別,一個是“在何時”,一個是“在哪裡”,不可混用。你明白了嗎?

    賓語從句的時態

    接下來我們再一起看看賓語從句的時態:

    (一)主句為現在時,賓語從句根據需要使用相應的現在時態:

    My father says (that) he goes home at 6 o’clock on weekdays.

    我父親說他工作日六點回家。

    這個句子的主句謂語動詞為says,一般現在時;賓語從句表達的是現在經常性的動作,所以也使用了一般現在時goes home.

    (二)主句為過去時,賓語從句用相應的過去的某個時態:

    Tony said (that) he was very busy last weekend.

    託尼說他上週末非常繁忙。

    這個句子的主句謂語動詞為said,一般過去時;賓語從句表達的動作基於他說話的時間點,表示他在那個時間點說明自己很忙的現狀,所以從句使用了一般過去時was。

    (三)賓語從句為客觀真理或事實時,一律用一般現在時:

    My grandfather told me (that) where there is a will, there is a way.

    我爺爺告訴我,有志者事竟成。

    這個句子的賓語表達的是一個客觀真理,所以儘管主語是一般過去時told,其謂語動詞仍使用了一般現在時is。

    賓語從句的語序

    最後我們來看看賓語從句的語序問題,這也是一個相當高頻的考察點。其實,大家只要記住:不管賓語從句的引導詞是什麼,在從句中擔任什麼成分,其語序一定為陳述語序,即主語在謂語之前,主語前沒有助動詞/情態動詞/be動詞,引導詞在從句的最前面引導從句。

    比如:

    Would your father tell you what should you do with the trouble?

    這一句話是錯誤的表達,因為情態動詞放到了主語之前,不遵循陳述語序。而下一句則是正確的表達形式:

    Would your father tell you what you should do with the trouble?(√)

    你父親會告訴你有這個麻煩,你該做什麼嗎(你該怎麼處理這個麻煩嗎)?

    所以,我們“以不變應萬變”,嚴格遵循陳述語序,理清楚句子結構,就一定不會出錯啦!

  • 3 # 好家長學苑

    賓語從句是考試中的重點,需要同學們熟練掌握。

    首先要理解賓語從句的概念和結構:

    賓語從句就是充當賓語成分的從句,位於謂語動詞後面。

    賓語從句有三個要素:連線詞(引導詞)、語序和時態。

    1.當賓語從句是陳述句時,引導詞用that,但是that在從句中不作任何成分,可以省略。

    2.當賓語從句是一般疑問句時,用if或whether引導,從句的語序要改為陳述語序。

    只能用weather的情況:

    (1) 與or not連用時只能用whether引導:

    Let me know whether you can come or not.

    (2) 位於句首時只能用weather。

    Whether it"s true or not, I don"t know.

    (3) 前面有介詞時只能用whether。

    I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.

    3.當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時,用疑問詞本身引導。語序改為陳述語序。

    賓語從句的時態:

    1.主句是一般現在時,從句根據需要可以採用任意一種時態。

    2.主句是一般過去時,賓語從句要用過去的某種時態。

    3.當賓語從句說明的內容是格言警句、客觀事實或真理時,用一般現在時。

    總結:

  • 4 # 英語學人

    賓語從句其實就是把一個從句(一個功能齊全的簡單句或複合句)嵌入另一個簡單句裡。例如:

    其實主句是 I declare something,一個主謂賓結構的簡單句。

    這個someting是從句 my work is original, 一個主系表結構的簡單句。

    例句就是把一個主系表結構的從句嵌入主謂賓結構的主句裡。

    1. 可以充當賓語的從句型別

    1.1 陳述句

    1.2 一般疑問句(從句中必須是陳述句語序,非疑問句)

    I wonder whether/if Jim is at home.

    I wonder whether tomorrow is a good time to visit her.

    1.3 特殊疑問句(從句中必須是陳述句語序,非疑問句)

    He didn"t tell me when we shall meet again.

    She always thinks of how she improve her work.

    She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

    Can you tell me who the beauty is?

    2. 三種基本型別

    2.1 動賓從句

    有些動詞可直接連線賓語從句,如 believe,admit,consider,dream,promise, declare 等, 基本所有及物動詞都能這麼用

    I declare that my work is original.

    I do not admit that I have cheated.

    They informed me that I have been promoted.

    I promise you that I will finish this work within a month.

    I promise that I will never break my words.

    用it做形式賓語, find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等後面有賓語補足語的時候

    I think it necessary that we take measures to reduced green house emission.

    I have make it clear that you are not welcomed here.

    We take it that you will agree with us.

    2.2 介賓從句

    很多動詞和介詞搭配使用,如 depends on, surprised at

    Whether you can succeed depends on how hard you try.

    He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made.

    I am surprised at what you said.

    介詞賓語一般不跟that,只有在固定搭配時例外,如in that,except that, but that, save that等

    He is different from others in that he is brave.

    I know nothing about him except that he killed the dragon.

    Your outlook is perfect except that your shoes are dirty.

    2.3 形賓從句

    形容詞有動詞的意思, sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised

    I am sorry I am late

    I am not sure this is your true intention.

    We are glad you are one of us now.

    3. 幾種特殊規則

    3.1 不能省略引導詞that的狀況

    從句是直接賓語

    She told me that the match has been concealed.

    I can"t let him know that his mother is ill

    多個that引導的從句,後面的that不可省略

    Mama said (that) you are an angel and that she will not allow anyone to hurt you.

    We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. 我們認為這些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物者賦予他們若干不可剝奪的權利,其中包括生命權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。——經典例句,來自獨立宣言。

    謂語和that之間有插入語

    I noticed, for the first time, that she was not the girl I want.

    it 做形式賓語時

    I think it necessary that we hold a meeting to solve this problem.

    That前置的強調句

    That he is stupid is known to everyone.

    3.2 否定轉移

    主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess時,從句的否定詞轉到主句

    I don"t think (that) you are right.

    I don"t know (that) you are coming. otherwise I would have picked you up at this airport.

    3.3 主從句時態關係

    主句為一般現在時或一般將來時,從句時態不受主句影響

    主句為過去時

    表示同時主從句動作同時發生:從句用一般過去時,過去進行時 She said she was playing video games.

    動作發生在主句動作之前:從句用過去完成時 He didn"t know what they had come here for.

    動作發生在主句動作之後:過去將來時 He told me he would spend his holidays with his girl friend.

    如果從句是客觀真理,它不受主句時態的影響

    I knew that the earth goes around the sun.

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