The basis of mechanical design is an important part of mechanical engineering, the first step of mechanical production, and the most important factor to determine the mechanical performance. The goal of mechanical design is to design the best machinery under various limited conditions (such as materials, processing capacity, theoretical knowledge and calculation means), that is, to make optimal design.
Optimization design needs to consider many requirements comprehensively, including the best working performance, the lowest manufacturing cost, the smallest size and weight, the most reliable in use, the lowest consumption and the least environmental pollution. These requirements are often contradictory, and their relative importance varies with the type and use of machinery.
The task of the designer is to weigh the weight according to the specific situation and make overall plans to achieve the optimal comprehensive technical and economic effect of the designed machinery. In the past, the optimization of design mainly depends on the knowledge, experience and foresight of designers. With the development of the basic theory of mechanical engineering, value engineering, system analysis and other new disciplines, the accumulation of technical and economic data for manufacturing and using, and the popularization and application of computers, optimization gradually abandons subjective judgment and relies on scientific calculation.
The design of industrial machinery, especially the mechanical design of the whole system and the whole system, must be attached to the relevant industrial technology and it is difficult to form an independent discipline. Therefore, agricultural machinery design, mining machinery design, pump design, compressor design, steam turbine design, internal combustion engine design, machine tool design and other professional mechanical design branches have emerged
機械設計是本科，考研的機械類重點專業課
一般在考研初試
1、 機械設計依據：根據使用要求，構思、分析、計算各部件的工作原理、結構、運動方式、力能傳遞方式、材料、形狀和尺寸、潤滑方法，並轉化為具體的描述，作為製造依據的工作過程。
2、 主要學習內容包括：平面機構、平面連桿機構、凸輪機構、間歇運動機構、調速與機械平衡的介紹、結構分析；連線、柔性傳動、齧合傳動、齒輪系、軸、軸承、聯軸器、離合器、制動器、彈簧等章節。
機械設計依據的意義：
機械設計基礎是機械工程的重要組成部分，是機械生產的第一步，也是決定機械效能的最重要因素。如機械設計的最佳目標，就是在有限的理論條件下進行機械設計（如機械能力的最佳化計算）。
最佳化設計需要綜合考慮多種要求，包括最佳的工作效能、最低的製造成本、最小的尺寸和重量、最可靠的使用、最低的消耗和最少的環境汙染。這些要求通常是相互矛盾的，它們的相對重要性因機械的型別和使用而不同。
設計者的任務是根據具體情況對重量進行稱量，並統籌規劃，以達到所設計機械的最佳綜合技術經濟效果。過去，設計的最佳化主要依賴於設計師的知識、經驗和遠見。隨著機械工程基礎理論、價值工程、系統分析等新興學科的發展，為製造和使用積累技術經濟資料，以及計算機的普及應用，最佳化逐漸摒棄主觀判斷，依靠科學計算。
工業機械設計，特別是整個系統和整個系統的機械設計，必須依附於相關的工業技術，很難形成一門獨立的學科。因此，農業機械設計、礦山機械設計、水泵設計、壓縮機設計、汽輪機設計、內燃機設計、機床設計等專業機械設計分支應運而生。
The significance of mechanical design basis:
The basis of mechanical design is an important part of mechanical engineering, the first step of mechanical production, and the most important factor to determine the mechanical performance. The goal of mechanical design is to design the best machinery under various limited conditions (such as materials, processing capacity, theoretical knowledge and calculation means), that is, to make optimal design.
Optimization design needs to consider many requirements comprehensively, including the best working performance, the lowest manufacturing cost, the smallest size and weight, the most reliable in use, the lowest consumption and the least environmental pollution. These requirements are often contradictory, and their relative importance varies with the type and use of machinery.
The task of the designer is to weigh the weight according to the specific situation and make overall plans to achieve the optimal comprehensive technical and economic effect of the designed machinery. In the past, the optimization of design mainly depends on the knowledge, experience and foresight of designers. With the development of the basic theory of mechanical engineering, value engineering, system analysis and other new disciplines, the accumulation of technical and economic data for manufacturing and using, and the popularization and application of computers, optimization gradually abandons subjective judgment and relies on scientific calculation.
The design of industrial machinery, especially the mechanical design of the whole system and the whole system, must be attached to the relevant industrial technology and it is difficult to form an independent discipline. Therefore, agricultural machinery design, mining machinery design, pump design, compressor design, steam turbine design, internal combustion engine design, machine tool design and other professional mechanical design branches have emerged