"I am The Lord your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me."
(第一條：我是耶和華－你的上帝，曾將你從埃及地為奴之家領出來，除了我之外，你不可有別的神。)
Second
"You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I The Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate Me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love Me and keep My Commandments."
"You shall not take The Name of The Lord your God in vain; for The Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His Name in vain."
(第三條：不可妄稱耶和華－你上帝的名；因為妄稱耶和華名的，耶和華必不以他為無罪。)
Fourth
"Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a Sabbath to The Lord your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your maidservant, or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days The Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore The Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it."
"Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which The Lord your God gives you."
(第五條：當孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和華－你上帝所賜你的土地上得以長久。)
Sixth
"You shall not kill."
(第六條：不可殺人。)
Seventh
"You shall not commit adultery."
(第七條：不可姦淫。)
Eighth
"You shall not steal."
(第八條：不可偷盜。)
Ninth
"You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor."
(第九條：不可做假見證陷害人。)
Tenth
"You shall not covet your neighbor s house; you shall not covet your neighbor s wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his ass, or anything that is your neighbor s."
《聖經》中記載，由於移居到埃及的猶太人勞動勤奮，且擅長貿易，他們積攢了許多財富。這引起了執政者的不滿。再加之執政者對於以色列人的恐懼，法老下令殺死新出生的猶太男孩。摩西出生後其母親為保其性命就取了一個蒲草箱，抹上石漆和石油，將孩子放在裡面，把箱子擱在河邊的蘆荻中。後來被來洗澡的埃及公主發現，帶回了宮中。長大後，摩西失手殺死了一名毆打猶太人計程車兵，為了躲避法老的追殺，他來到了米甸並娶祭司的女兒西坡拉為妻，生有一子。一日，摩西受到了神的感召，回到埃及，並帶領居住在埃及的猶太人，返回故鄉。在回鄉的路上，摩西得到了神所頒佈的《十誡》，即《摩西十誡》。
《摩西十誡》據說是上帝在西乃山的山頂親自傳達給摩西的，是上帝對以色列人的告誡。上帝本人將這些話刻在石碑上，送給摩西。但是，後來摩西看到族人根本不聽從這些誡條，一怒之下就將石碑毀了。上帝又命令摩西再製作新的石碑，完成後，放在約櫃（Ark of the Covenant）裡。
以色列人將約櫃看作聖物，放在聖殿裡，任何人不得擅自觸控。《聖經》裡記載有人因為擅自觸控約櫃而被雷擊致死。而且，有外人從至聖所的帳門窺望過，發現約櫃的上方經常都有云霧積聚。後世的科學家根據這些紀錄，推斷可能在約櫃內放置了一種簡單的生物電池，就像在古埃及陵墓發現的那一種。電的積聚使水汽積聚，並使觸控的人觸電。
到了公元前590年，新巴比倫王尼布甲尼撒二世攻打猶太國，耶路撒冷在被困３年以後，終於在公元前586年被巴比倫軍隊攻佔，王宮和聖殿全被燒燬，從此，約櫃下落不明。刻有十誡的石碑也就找不到了。
摩西生活的年代大約距今3000多年，這樣算來，約櫃存世的歷史大概也就六七百年。
雖然實物早在耶酥出生幾百年前就找不到了，但是“摩西十誡”作為《聖經》中的基本行為準則，流傳了下來，影響深遠。它是以色列人一切立法的基礎，也是西方文明核心的道德觀。
不得不承認，“摩西十誡”確實有巨大的道德力量。
“十誡”中有一條是“你不可以殺人”，很多信徒就是因為這句話，終身不願意持有武器。這句話只有6個字，但是反覆誦唸，真的有一種大義凜然、百邪不侵的感覺。
“摩西十誡”在《聖經》出現了兩次，一次是在《出埃及記》（Exodus），另一次是在《申命記》（Deuteronomy）。兩次語句有差異，但是基本內容是一致的。
《聖經》中並沒有明確提出“十誡”，具體十條誡文是後人總結歸類的，因此，各個教派的“十誡”條文都不完全一樣。
下面是經總結後的“摩西十誡”。這是基督教新教的分法，天主教的分法與此不同，第一條和第二條是連在一起的，而第十條被分成了兩個部分。
摩西十誡原文以及譯文：
The Ten Commandments(摩西十誡)
First
"I am The Lord your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me."
(第一條：我是耶和華－你的上帝，曾將你從埃及地為奴之家領出來，除了我之外，你不可有別的神。)
Second
"You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I The Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate Me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love Me and keep My Commandments."
(第二條：不可為自己雕刻偶像，也不可做什麼形象彷彿上天、下地，和地底下、水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像，也不可事奉它，因為我耶和華－你的上帝是忌邪的上帝。恨我的，我必追討他的罪，自父及子，直到三四代；愛我、守我戒命的，我必向他們發慈愛，直到千代。)
Third
"You shall not take The Name of The Lord your God in vain; for The Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His Name in vain."
(第三條：不可妄稱耶和華－你上帝的名；因為妄稱耶和華名的，耶和華必不以他為無罪。)
Fourth
"Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a Sabbath to The Lord your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your maidservant, or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days The Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore The Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it."
(第四條：當記念安息日，守為聖日。六日要勞碌做你的工，但第七日是向耶和華－你上帝當守的安息日。這一日你和你的兒女、僕婢、牲畜，並你城裡寄居的客旅，無論何工都不可做；因為六日之內，耶和華造天、地、海，和其中的萬物，第七日便安息，所以耶和華賜福與安息日，定為聖日。)
Fifth
"Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which The Lord your God gives you."
(第五條：當孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和華－你上帝所賜你的土地上得以長久。)
Sixth
"You shall not kill."
(第六條：不可殺人。)
Seventh
"You shall not commit adultery."
(第七條：不可姦淫。)
Eighth
"You shall not steal."
(第八條：不可偷盜。)
Ninth
"You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor."
(第九條：不可做假見證陷害人。)
Tenth
"You shall not covet your neighbor s house; you shall not covet your neighbor s wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his ass, or anything that is your neighbor s."
(第十條：不可貪戀人的房屋；也不可貪戀人的妻子、僕婢、牛驢，並他一切所有的)