中文，或者說古代漢語書面語，是沒有標點符號的，只是用語助詞斷句。近代以降，西學東漸，產生現代漢語，效仿西語文法而產生，行文也與之一致，變成自左而後，成了一種中西混合物。標也被全部移植過來，唯句號略有差異而已!

規範的話應該沒有，但是有具體適用的規則。

下面是常見的標點用法。

在CATTI三級筆譯和二級筆譯真題英譯漢講解裡面，我們碰到了很多標點符號的翻譯。比如2016年11月英語三級筆譯實務試題原文：Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”

裡面的雙引號。“To Kill a Mockingbird”，英文中的書名通常是斜體或加引號表示或者大寫就可以，因為斜體有時候看著不整齊，譯文中文需要加上書名號，書名第一次出現，需要括號加註原英文名（人名也這樣處理）。

還比如14年11月CATTI二級筆譯英譯漢真題原文：WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history.

裡面的逗號和破折號。WATERLOO, Belgium比利時滑鐵盧：這裡考察英語地名從小到大，而且加個逗號，漢語裡面是從大到小，不加逗號，比如Shanghai, China翻譯為中國上海。這是CATTI英譯漢高頻翻譯細節，可是我今天看了大家提交的譯文，基本都這樣寫的：

我們高齋翻譯學堂年會員裡面也經常講這個細節，今天就給大家分享下陸谷孫前輩《英漢大詞典》裡面有關標點符號的說明，過段時間再給大家分享漢語標點符號使用規則和更詳細的英文標點符號使用規則講解。

:Colon（冒號）

1．引出表示列舉、解釋或說明性的詞語，翻譯的時候保持：

The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and bass. /His grades are a follows: English, an A; History. a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C.

2．引出對前文進行補充、總結或強調的詞語，翻譯的時候保持：

Judges have a double duty；They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty／ He has only one pleasure: eating.

3．引出較長的正式引語或大段引語，翻譯的時候是：或者，

In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably theirs.

4．用於信件或演說詞中的稱呼語之後（英國用法中多用逗號），翻譯的時候保持：

Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:

5．用於公函、政府檔案或商業函件的標題或標目之後，翻譯的時候保持：

TO. /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:

6．用於時與分之間（英國法中多用句號）、比率數之間、《聖經》的章與節之間，翻譯的時候保持：

The train is to leave at 8: 30. /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion 32. /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.

7．分隔書名的標題與副標題，翻譯的時候保持：或者破折號

NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard

， Comma（逗號）

1．分隔並列成分

We are tired, hungry and dilate. /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to walk. how to converse politely.

2．分隔並列句中的分句

It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next day. / We must leave now, or we will miss the plane. / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour"s dog made that impossible. /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than none.

3．分隔對比或對照成分

He is sick, not drunk. /The more haste, the less speed.

4．分隔非限定性修飾語、同位語或附加說明的詞語

He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown it. The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the safe. /They want us, you and me, to go there. /I have to get up early, particularly on Sundays.

5．分隔附加疑問句或選擇疑問句

Tom didn"t take it, did he? / Which pencil do you prefer. the red one or the blue one?

6．分隔直接引語和導語

Only a fool. "Sherman said, " would carry on like that.

7．表示省略相同詞語

Some went to the right; others, to the left.

8. 分隔句首狀語

Usually, he is dressed in blue jeans. / Except for physics, my courses are not difficult. /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to cry.

9，常用以分隔用作獨立成分、狀語等的下列詞語

Honestly, that"s all the money I have. /Personally, I prefer the other one. /Unfortunately, they were out when I called. /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened

1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth

2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;

3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of all. after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, i.e., e. g.

4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;

5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;

6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;

7)yes, no, well, oh

Anyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect us. /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. /This is, however, another side to this problem.

This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a fiasco. /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate him. /On the contrary, it hardly ever rains.

It"s strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the exam. /In my opinion, he is right.

Yes, times have changed. /Well, not much can be done about it now. /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!

10．分隔日期、數字、地點

Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. /The cinema is only open to adults, i. e.,people over 18.

June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los Angeles. /The price of this sedan car is $12,300./He lives at 1515 Halsted Street.Chicago, Illinois.

11．分隔人名與職稱、頭銜或倒置姓名

I asked my boss for a month"s holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?

12．分隔呼語

R W. Leeds, M. D. /George Washington, President/Smith, John W., Jr.

I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I"d like to ask a question.

13．用於信件的稱呼語之後（美國用法中多用冒號）或結束語之後

Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,

“ ”Quotation Mark（引號)

1．用於直接引語

注意下列句子中其他標點符號與引號的相對位置:

1）逗號、句號位於引號內（這是美國用法，英國用法多置於引號外）

2）不屬於引語的問號、感嘆號或破折號位於引號之外

3）在引語內再用引語時，可用單引號（這是美國用法，在英國用法中，單引號在外，雙引號在內）

4）引語不止一段時，引號位於各段起始處和最後一段結尾處

Michael said, "Let"s meet at my house next time. "/"No, you cant, "she wrote. "It"s impossible.

on January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever free. "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang meanings.

Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?

The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door closed. " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late.and then heard the door closed.’

Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this dictionary. Many are found on typewriters.

Symbols include the chemical elements... The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this dictionary. "

2．用於引述文章、文藝作品、歌曲、廣播及電視節目、繪畫等

Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by Keats. /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled Banner. " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”／ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "

3．用於引述俚語、反語、借用語、定義、詞形等

Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a ruler. /Bob"s skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a cast. / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak．”／ How do you spell the word＂ eclectic”？

;Semicolon（分號）

一般說來，分號的作用介於句號與逗號之間，即用分號隔開的兩部分之間的關係，比用句號分開的緊密，但不及用逗號分開的緊密。

1．用於並列分句之間

People make history: unusual people make history interesting. /Your car is new; mine is six years old. /I came, I saw I conquered. /it"s too late to go for a walk now; besides, it"s beginning to rain. /We finally found the gate; however, it had been locked.

2．分隔已有逗號的並列成分，以避免歧義

Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge.

The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, played.

3．用於由 for example， for instance， namely，that is（ to say）， in fact，i．e．，e．g等詞語引出的分句之前

Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she sang./Tom is well-liked: in fact. he is the most popular person in the class./He chose to invest in major industries: i. e, steel, automobiles, and oil.

— Dash(破折號)

1.用在一個解釋性的分句或句子前面：

It"s an environmental issue. — That"s not a small matter.

這是個環境保護的問題，這不是一件小事。

2.用在一個解釋性的插入語的前面和後面（相當於一個括號）：

During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would ski.

假期中，我準是瘋了，我決定去滑雪。

3.用在一個引用的句子前面（代替一個冒號，或與分號一起用）：

Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you are."

大叔笑著回答道“不用了，不用了，你就呆到那。”

4.表示意思的突然轉折：

"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it"s better for you to ask him about it."

“我可以問——”小吳說；“不過我想還是你問他的好。”

5.表示遲疑猶豫：

"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken it."

“我——我——我想——或許——是艾米拿了。”

6.總括前面列舉的若干東西：

News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of prosperity.

新房子，擴建的學校，更多的羊、豬、雞，更多的馬和驢，這裡的一切顯示出一片繁榮景象。

Italicization斜體字的使用

1．書籍、報刊、文章、詩歌、樂曲、電影、繪畫等的名稱

Dickens" Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York Times

Milton"s Paradise Lost/Mozart"s The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s Starry

Night

2．交通工具、航天器等專名

Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger

3．作為例示的詞、字母或數字

The word receive is often misspelled. /The b in comb is silent

4，表示強調的詞語

She never expected such a welcome. /woman"s place was in the home; it certainly isn’t today.

5．表示未歸化的外來詞語

In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]

6．動物學和植物學中表示屬、種、亞種及變種的拉丁語新學名

The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other animal. /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of Oklahoma.

7．法庭案例名稱中的原被告姓名

Madison v. Kingley/the Jones case

8．劇本中的舞臺提示

ROBERT: Ah yes, of course. Sit down, sit down, please, Mrs. Ross. [She sits as if this made matters rather worse.]

PHILIP: (Standing guard by her side. )My wife is a little agitated.

取自陸谷孫英譯漢大詞典