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  • 1 # 使用者9855654617804

    apart from, except for

    兩者都是“除什麼之外”,但用法上有些許不同,apart from表達此意時,既可用作包含,也可用作排除,比如:Apart from these sculptures, he has also made a great deal of crockery(表示他製作很多瓷器,還包括一些雕塑);Apart from the miniature painting, he has drawn all those pictures in the art gallery.(表示這個美術館的畫都是他畫的,但不包括這一小張作品)。而except for只能表達“不包含”,可以替換上面第二個例子的apart from.

    so that, in order that

    兩者意思基本一致,左邊連線動作,右邊指向目的。不過在使用上有以下三個不同:1、在後面表示將來時,so that可以用一般現在時或一般將來時,而in order that只能用一般現在時;2、so that更常用,但in order that更正式;3、so that可以在後面表示結果,意指前面的動作所導致,有點類似於so...that,比如:Today I got up so late, so that I was unable to catch the first train. 相當於 I got up late this morning, this gave rise to missing the first train. 關於第3個區別,最經典的一個案例是新概念3第18課課後練習的第7個選擇題。原句是這樣的,The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repeled each other all the time. 在題目裡,and去掉變成了一個空,四個選項裡有so that和in order that,我給了三位母語人士,他們都選的so that,對了,是因為so that用習慣了,但是意思理解都錯了,他們都認為這裡的so that是“球體磁化後是為了能夠相互排斥吸引”,其實正確的意思是“球體磁化後導致他們能夠相互排斥吸引”。

    presume, assume

    presume和assume都是對某件事情的假定,但前者是基於一定線索或證據的猜測,而後者是無理由的接受某個事件的結果。

    regard, consider, think, be under the impression

    經常寫作練習的朋友,肯定會經常遇到要表達“我認為”,常用的主要是以上幾個。當我們想表達“認為什麼是什麼”的時候,如下:The policeman considered me (to be) a thief.The policeman regarded me as a thief.The policeman thought me a thief.The policeman was under the impression that I had just made a theft.以上有幾點需要注意,consider sb/sth as sb/sth,以及 regard sb/sth to be sb/sth都是錯誤用法,而且regard必須與as搭配使用,as不能省略;除此之外,regard與consider(用作表達想法時)都不能用現在進行時的格式。think一般多用於銜接從句或think of/about sth,很少情況如上使用。under the impression代表所認為的事情,一般是錯誤的,如果以上句子所表達內容的背景,I made a theft indeed,那麼基本上就不能用under the impression,可以看出這種用法的情境類似於“事後覆盤”。

    plot, conspire

    以上兩者都有“密謀”的含義,不過plot是強調個人秘密地謀劃,而conspire則是與他人一起合謀

    grow up, bring up

    grow up指生理上的成長,而bring up則帶有精神、教育方面的撫養長大

    take, bring, fetch

    前兩者的意思很多,只看與fetch對應的意思的話,take指帶著東西去某個地方,而bring是帶來,fetch則是去某個地方取回

    envious, jealous

    envious是羨慕的意思,基本沒有“嫉妒”的含義,而jealous就是“嫉妒”,而且有一層意思類似於“吃醋”

    solve, resolve

    solve是解決問題,而resolve是徹底解決問題

    disease, illness

    We can say "He was/looked/became ill/sick", but we could not say "a ill man", the correct version is "a sick man".

    improbable, impossible

    前者很大機率是不可能發生,主要形容極其不可能的事情;後者有一層意思與前者相同,但很多時候只是用來形容這件事情很困難,不一定是不可能完成,比如:The thief suddenly got his right leg broken, it was impossible for him to go on escaping.

    famous, popularity, eminent, notable

    famous就是著名的,popularity指享有聲譽,eminent可以看做前兩者的合體,notable的意思與eminent很相近,具體差別只能透過一些例項去體會。

    maintain, remain

    這兩個詞看中文釋義對比很容易懵圈。前者強調維持,並且有主觀上的力量使要維持的事物不能變少或變弱;後者則強調保持不變,無論在呆在一個地方或保持一個名聲,隨時時間流逝,不發生任何變化。

    reputation, fame

    reputation是“名聲”,中性詞,配合形容詞可以是好名聲,也可以是壞名聲。當然,有時候看到 a reputation was ruined,一般就是默指某個人的基本信譽掃地。fame則是名氣,是褒義詞,很多中英詞典將其釋義成“名聲”,我個人認為是不對的。

    seriously, severely

    severely=very seriously

    reprimand, assail, criticize

    reprimand屬於正式場合的一種訓斥,一般只發生在上級對下級;assail則是呵斥,嚴厲批評;criticize就是前兩者的基礎版。

    If, if ever

    You can come straight in if I fail to open the door.You can come straight in if ever I fail to open the door.後者表示有很大機率我是沒法給你開門的,而前者只是隨口說一下,不強調

    Even though, even if

    兩者在中文翻譯裡體現出來都是“儘管……”,但用法卻不一樣。前者引出的條件必須是事實存在的,而後者引出的條件只是一種假設,並非真實發生的。

    continuously, continually, constantly, all the time

    Continuously表示連續發生,中間沒有任何間斷;而continually是持續發生,但過程中會有斷斷續續;constantly 與 all the time等同於continuously.

    since, ever since

    前者表示自從某個時間點開始,對應的狀態已完成;而後者則是continuously since that time,也就是從某個時間點開始,一直持續的維持某種狀態。

    learn, know, understand

    quickly, fast, swiftly, rapidly

    by now, until, to this day

    once upon a time, long ago, as long as, as long ago as

    so that, in order that

    when, while, on, as soon as, the time, the moment

    though, although, much as

    these days, today, nowadays, those days

    big, large, huge, enormous, tremendous, colossal, immense, fantastic

    smart, wise, intelligent, clever

    small, tiny, miniature, slight, faint

    happy, pleasant, delighted, glad, cheerful

    feel, find, discover

    rather, quite, very, fair, most, extremely, considerably

    hardly, barely, rarely, merely

    always, invariably, often, regularly, frequently, generally, commonly

    accidentally, occasionally

    incident, accident, event

    situation, occasion, circumstance, environment

    happen, occur

    dread, fear, frighten, terrify, afraid

    upset, worry, anxious, eager

    disappointed, dismayed

    promptly, just in time, rapidly, on time, punctually, in times, in time for

    lay, lie

    太多了,暫時想到這些。有空我會陸續更新具體的distinction。

    想透過中英詞典搞清楚這些詞的區別比較困難,只能透過具體的句子上下文和英英詞典才能很好的區分.

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