Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being.加在名詞後以構成一個新名詞,表示特性或狀態注意:在構成hardship這個詞的過程中,hard本身是名詞-ness - WiktionaryAppended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"加在形容詞後以構成名詞,表示“(形容詞)的狀況”、“(形容詞)的質地”,或“(形容詞)的程度”注意:在構成hardness這個詞的過程中,hard是形容詞Hardship指的是“艱難、艱苦、困境”,而hardness則是形容詞hard的名詞形式,指的是“堅硬”。意思搞清楚了,用法就不會出錯了。看兩個例句:After years of hardship, his perseverance was finally paid off. The hardness of this material is exactly what we"ve been looking for. 補充:經過對評論的考慮,我想我明白題主的疑問了。作“難”講,hardness通常意味著“困難程度”,相對於“容易”而言;而hardship則意味著“困難情況”,更加具象,指的是“境遇”。舉例來說,如果翻譯“蜀道難,難於上青天”,那麼這裡的“難”應該用hardness,反映的是“困難”的質、度,可以跟difficultness互換;若翻譯“經歷重重困難,他終於成功”,用hardship(s)就更合適,這裡的hardship可以跟difficulty互換。
兩個詞由於詞尾不同,詞義上有差別。-ship - Wiktionary
Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being.加在名詞後以構成一個新名詞,表示特性或狀態注意:在構成hardship這個詞的過程中,hard本身是名詞-ness - WiktionaryAppended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"加在形容詞後以構成名詞,表示“(形容詞)的狀況”、“(形容詞)的質地”,或“(形容詞)的程度”注意:在構成hardness這個詞的過程中,hard是形容詞Hardship指的是“艱難、艱苦、困境”,而hardness則是形容詞hard的名詞形式,指的是“堅硬”。意思搞清楚了,用法就不會出錯了。看兩個例句:After years of hardship, his perseverance was finally paid off. The hardness of this material is exactly what we"ve been looking for. 補充:經過對評論的考慮,我想我明白題主的疑問了。作“難”講,hardness通常意味著“困難程度”,相對於“容易”而言;而hardship則意味著“困難情況”,更加具象,指的是“境遇”。舉例來說,如果翻譯“蜀道難,難於上青天”,那麼這裡的“難”應該用hardness,反映的是“困難”的質、度,可以跟difficultness互換;若翻譯“經歷重重困難,他終於成功”,用hardship(s)就更合適,這裡的hardship可以跟difficulty互換。