a little, a few 表示“一些，一點”， 少量的東西。

例如 I have a few books. 我有一些書。I have a little time. 我有一點時間。

little， few表示“幾乎沒有”，是否定詞。

I have little time. 我幾乎沒有時間。 I have few books. 我幾乎沒有書。

a lot of = lots of 表示“很多”，修飾可數名詞或者不可數名詞都可以。

I have a lot of books / time. =I have lots of books / time. 我有很多書/時間。

a little, little 修飾不可數名詞。

I have a little water.我有一點水。I have little water.我幾乎沒有水。

a few, few修飾可數名詞。

I have a few friends. 我有一些朋友。I have few friends. 我幾乎沒有朋友。

much, many表示“很多”. much修飾不可數名詞。 many修飾可數名詞。

I have much time. 我有很多時間。I have many books.我有很多書。

a lot =very much表示“非常”，不修飾名詞，而是表示程度。

例如“非常感謝你。”Thank you a lot. =Thank you very much.