懸垂結構：一般在一個句子中，修飾語必須清楚地修飾句中某個詞或短語;如果它不修飾句中的任何成分，而處於懸浮狀態，這樣的修飾語即為懸垂結構。

懸垂結構 Dangling Element的定義

一般在一個句子中，修飾語必須清楚地修飾句中某個詞或短語，如果它不修飾句中的任何成分，而處於懸浮狀態，這樣的修飾語即為懸垂結構(Dangling Element)。

Climbing up the tower, the whole city came into our view.

本段解釋

分詞短語在句子中作狀語時，其邏輯主語(亦稱隱含主語)通常應是整個句子的主語；如果不是，而且其本身也不帶自己的主語(如在獨立主格結構中)，就被認為是一個語言失誤。這個分詞就叫做“懸垂分詞”(dangling participle)或“無依附分詞 ”(unattached participle)。例如：

(1)Getting down from the bus，my ankle was sprained．

(2)Driving to Chicago that night，a sudden thought struck me．

由 懸垂結構 造成的錯誤

(1)懸垂分詞

誤： Being Sunday, they went for a picnic.

正： It being Sunday, they went for a picnic.

正： As it was Sunday, they went for a picnic.

(2)懸垂不定式

誤：To swim properly, a course of instruction was necessary.

正：To swim properly, one needs a course of instruction.

(3)懸垂簡式從句

誤：When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.

正：When he was a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.