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  • 1 # 螞蟻小世界

    英語詞彙的重音位置是有其規律的。例如:有些雙音節詞彙做名詞時重音往往落在首音節上;而做動詞時,重音就落在第二音節上了。這些詞彙常見的有:addict,accent,abstract,annex等。掌握好並讀準單詞的重音有一定的規律可循。為了便於記憶和學習,現將部分規則按重音位置和字母順序作如下歸納,並從理論上進行簡要分析。

    一、歸類部分

    1.重音落在末音節的字母組合

    ①以-ee結尾,讀音為/!>?/的詞彙:appellee chimpanzee conferee contestee decree drawee evacuee em-ployee goatee grandee guarantee indictee inductee

    ②以-act結尾,讀音為/$kt/的詞彙,多為動詞:contact contract detract distract exact enact intact interact

    ④以-ade結尾,讀音為/eid/的詞彙:arcade brigade colonnade escalade escapade(exception:decade)

    ⑤以-ane結尾,讀音為/ein/的詞彙:inane insane profane humane

    ⑥以-ceive結尾,讀音為/s!>?v/的動詞:conceive deceive perceive receive

    ⑦以-duce結尾,讀音為/dj(>?s/的詞彙:conduce deduce induce introduce reduce reproduce subduce traduceseduce

    ⑨以-een結尾,讀音為/!>?n/的名詞:colleen canteen pretteen Salween shagreen thirteen spalpeenvelevteen yestreen

    ⑩以-eer結尾,讀音為/i+/的名詞:cannoneer compeer domineer engineer fronteer gadgeteer gazetterpamphleteer patrioteer

    (11)以-ect結尾,讀音為/ekt/的動詞:affect bisect collect defect direct detect correct confect connectdisinfect eject elect

    (12)以-ede結尾,讀音為d/的動詞:accede antecede concede impede intercede precede recede retrocedesecede supercede

    (13)以-end結尾,讀音為/end/的動詞:attend amend commend comprehend contend defend depend extendintend represend subtend

    (14)以-el結尾,讀音為/el/的詞彙:compel impel Nobel marcel propel rebel(v.)

    (15)以-ert結尾,

    的詞彙:assert concert convert desert introvert subvert

    (16)以-ese結尾,

    的詞彙:Chinese Japanese Napalese sudanese telegraphese vietnamese

    (17)以-clude結尾,的動詞:conclude exclude include occlude preclude seclude

    (18)以-esce結尾,讀音為/es/的詞彙:coalesce deliquesce effloresce evanesce recrudesce

    (19)以-ess結尾,讀音為/es/的動詞:compress confess depress express impress profess redress represssuppress transgress若不是動詞,以-ess結尾,的詞彙之重音位置不固定:"progress "congress pro"cess un"less

    (20)以-est結尾,讀音為/est/的動詞:adjest congest contest digest infest protest suggest

    (21)以-ette結尾,讀音為/et/的詞彙:cassette cigarette brunette coquette chemisette forssette frisettegazette grisette

    (22)以-form結尾的動詞:conform perform reform transform(但uniform是名詞)

    (23)以-ict結尾,讀音為/ikt/的動詞:afflict conflict constrict contradict inflict predict restric

    (24)以-ide結尾,讀音為/aid/的詞彙:aside astride beside confide divide provide reside subside

    (25)以-ign結尾,讀音為/ain/的動詞:assign condign design consign resign

    (26)以-ire結尾,讀音為/ai+/的動詞:conspire esquire expire desire inquire inspire require respire

    (27)以-lapse結尾,讀音為/l$ps/的詞彙:collapse prolapse relapse

    (28)以-mit結尾,讀音為/mit/的詞彙:admit commit demit emit intermit omit permit pretermit remitsubmit transmit(若是名詞,重音落在首音節,如:"limit "summit "vomit)

    (29)以-ort結尾的動詞:disport distort escort export import report retort support trans-port(若是名詞,重音多落在首音節:escort export import bistort purport等。)

    (30)以-ore結尾詞彙:afore before deplore explore restore

    (31)以-pose結尾,讀音為/p+us/、/p+uz/的動詞:depose decompose expose impose interpose oppose indispose predis-pose propose suppose

    (32)以-scribe結尾,讀音為/skraib/的詞彙:conscribe describe escribe prescribe subscribe transcribe

    (33)以-scend結尾,讀音為/send/的詞彙:ascend condescend descend transcend

    (34)以-oon結尾的詞彙:afternoon balloon buffoon cartoon cocoon decocoon dragoon festoongalloon octoroon pocaroon(exception:forenoon)

    (35)以-que結尾,讀音為/k/的詞彙:antique boutique blottesque burlesque arabesque cacique critiquegrotesque Japanesque mystique

    (36)以-r結尾,現在分詞和過去分詞均要雙寫r(-red,-ring):demur incur inter infer occur prefer recur refer transfer

    (37)以-uct結尾,讀音為/)kt/的詞彙:conduct construct deduct instruct obstruct product

    (38)以-ult結尾的詞彙:consult exult insult occult midcult result

    (39)以-ume結尾的詞彙:assume consume perfume presume subsume

    (40)以-use結尾的詞彙:accuse confuse excuse perfuse refuse suffuse transfuse

    (41)以-ure結尾,讀音為/ju+/的詞彙:accure impure immure insecure insure inure mature obscure per-dure procure secure(exceptions:"epicure "manicure)

    2.重音落在倒數第二個音節的字母組合:

    ①以-ial結尾,讀音為/+l/、/i+l/或/j+l/的詞彙:/+l/:confidential decrial existential impartial inferential inffluentialinitial prejudicial sacrificial substantial/i+l/:authorial bimestrial colloquial gressorial material mercurialministerial motorial pictorial prefatorial tectorial visitorial/j+l/:antimonial bicentennial colonial

    ②以-ian結尾,讀音為/+n/、/i+n/、/j+n/的詞彙:/+n/:academician arithmetician acoustician electrician Eurasian Lin-guistician musician Persian politician practician/i+n/、/j+n/:Cantabrigian collegian Colombian historian rosarian salu-tatorian subclavian

    ③以-ia結尾,讀音為/i+/的詞彙:國名、地名:Australia Ethiopia Indonesia Malaysia Mauritania Roma-nia醫學:abulia achromatopsia acidemia acrophobia aerophobia bilharziainsomnia其他:academia acedia cryptomeria razzia encyclopedia

    ④以-ic結尾,讀音為/ik/偶或包括以-ics結尾的詞彙:atomatic atmospheric autarkic autographic ballistic climatic cosmeticenteric epidemic

    ⑤以-ior結尾,讀音為/i+/的詞彙,形容詞居多:inferior junior posterior prior senior superior ulterior

    ⑥以-it結尾,讀音為/it/的詞彙:cohabit demerit discredit discomfit decrepit deposit explicit dispiritdisinherit inspirit inherit inhabit inhibit reposit transit visit

    ⑦以-scence(n.)或-scent(adj)結尾:acescence acquiescence deliquescence convalescence evanescence obso-lescence reminiscence renascence decrescent marcescent pubescent re-crudescent quiescent resipiscent suffrutescent

    ⑧以-ion或-sion結尾:accusaion abolition confusion explosion decision impression persua-sion excitation suggestion invitation

    3.重音落在倒數第三個音節的字母組合:

    ①以-fy結尾,讀音為/fai/的動詞:acidify identify intensify emulsify lapidify personify qualify modifyprettify simplify transmogrify

    ②以-ical結尾,讀音為/ik+l/的詞彙:academical chemical electrical political periodical encyclical teleologi-cal inimical theoretical technological

    ④以-itude結尾的詞彙:attitude decrepitude infinitude lassitude latitude platitude

    ⑤以-ity結尾,讀音為/iti/的詞彙:ability curiosity civility facility fragility opportunity personalitypossibility sensitivity simplicity speciality utility vanity whimsicality

    ⑥以-graph或-phy結尾的詞彙:aerography bibliography biography calligraphy chirography geographylexicography photography planography telegraphy theosophy philosophy

    ⑦以-ology結尾的詞彙:aerology bibliology bryology crytology ecology Egyptology lexicologytechnology pestology psychology testaceology teleology theology zoology

    ⑨以-ular結尾,讀音為/jul+/的詞彙:biangular binocular consular insular intercelluar ocular orbicularpopular particular secular regular triangular

    4.詞彙加了字首後的重讀位置①重讀落在第一音節的詞彙,加字首後,重讀位置不變:"dazzle—be"dazzle "operate—co"operate"force—en"force "logical—il"logical"literate—il"literate "constant—in"constant②重讀落在第二音節的詞彙,加字首後,原重讀位置不受影響,但字首的字母組合作為一個音節可重讀或次重讀:pro"duce—"repro"duce"graduate—"post"graduate"national—"inter"nationalim"pressionism—"neo-imp"ressionism(the only exception:"finite—"infinie)

    二、簡析部分從語言學的角度來分析,英語的詞重音(word stress)的位置是不固定的。英語與某些別的語言不同,例如:法語詞彙的重音總是在詞的末音節上;與法語相反的是捷克語,它的重音總是落在詞的首音節上,而波蘭語卻獨特一些,重音位置總是落在詞彙的倒數第二個音節上,因此,這些語言的重音稱為固定重音(fixed stress),而英語和俄語的重音則是自由重音(free stress)。英語本身吸收並借用了大量的外來語(loan words),以歷史語言學或詞源學(etymology)的觀點來剖析,就不難解釋為什麼英語重音屬於自由重音這一現象。例如:以-ion和-ic結尾的英語詞彙重音往往落在倒數第二個音節上,而-ion和-ic結尾的字母組合則源於拉丁語。以-ee結尾的英語詞彙重音總是落在末音節上,若追溯它的同源詞(cognate),我們可以看到-ee這一字尾源於Middle English的-e,而-e又來源於Middle French的-é,若再追本溯源,乃是來自於Old French的-é。再考察以-ette字尾結尾的詞彙,-ette字尾也是經歷了從Old French到Middle French再到Middle English這一相似的演變過程,直至現在,仍然保留了法語的重音特徵,與現代法語的詞重音總是落在末音節這一規律完全吻合。

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