Slender grasses, breeze faint on the shore,Here, the looming mast, the lonely night boat.Stars hang down on the breadth of the plain,The moon gushes in the great river"s current. My name has not been known from my writing,Sick, growing old, I must yield up my post. Wind tossed, fluttering - what is my likeness? In Heaven and Earth, a single gull of the sands.
原詩前半部分寫景,既有微風細草、危檣孤舟的細緻,也有明星皓月、平野大江的雄渾。宇文先生用 stars hang down 譯“星垂”,用 the moon gushes 譯“月湧”,十分生動傳神,他用 the breadth of the plain 來再現原野之遼闊,用 the great river"s current 來表現大江之奔流,都很簡潔而有氣勢。
細草微風岸,危檣獨夜舟。
星垂平野闊,月湧大江流。
名豈文章著,官應老病休。
飄飄何所似,天地一沙鷗。
——《旅夜書懷》
這首詩是杜甫膾炙人口的名作,有很多的英譯版本。我認為美國漢學家宇文所安的譯文,最為貼切:
Slender grasses, breeze faint on the shore,Here, the looming mast, the lonely night boat.Stars hang down on the breadth of the plain,The moon gushes in the great river"s current. My name has not been known from my writing,Sick, growing old, I must yield up my post. Wind tossed, fluttering - what is my likeness? In Heaven and Earth, a single gull of the sands.原詩前半部分寫景,既有微風細草、危檣孤舟的細緻,也有明星皓月、平野大江的雄渾。宇文先生用 stars hang down 譯“星垂”,用 the moon gushes 譯“月湧”,十分生動傳神,他用 the breadth of the plain 來再現原野之遼闊,用 the great river"s current 來表現大江之奔流,都很簡潔而有氣勢。
值得注意的是,宇文先生在傳達原詩意境的同時,還試圖再現原詩的藝術特色,如頭兩行用“意象疊加”的技巧,有意將原詩中四個意象疊加在一起,使讀者產生豐富的想象,並凸顯中國古詩簡潔含蓄、意境深遠的特徵。
詩的後半部分表現詩人雖有遠大的政治抱負,但長期受壓抑而不能施展,詩人即景以抒悲懷,抒發內心漂泊無依的無限傷感。宇文氏的譯文呈現出這樣的情懷,其中 sick, growing old, I must yield up my post 用“變異”的語序安排,頗有詩意。