英語的基本句型主要有五種，它們是：1、主語―――動詞―――表語2、主語―――動詞3、主語―――動詞―――賓語4、主語―――動詞―――賓語―――賓語5、主語―――動詞―――賓語―――補語掌握好這些基本句型，就可以為靈活運用語言打下良好的基礎。下面分別講解這五種句型。一、主語---動詞----表語在這一句型中，動詞是系動詞，劃線部分為表語。

1.Mr.Brown

is an engineer.(名詞做表語)

2.Gradualy

he became silent.(形容詞做表語)

3.She

remained standing for a hour.(現在分詞做表語)

4.The

question remained unsolved.(過去分詞做表語)

5.The

machine is out of order.(介詞短語做表語)

6.The

television was on.(副詞做表語)

7.His

plan is to keep the affair secret.(動詞不定式做表語)

8.My

job is repairing cars.(動名詞做表語)

9.The

question is what you want to do.(從句做表語，即：表語從句)注意：在下面的句子中，形容詞做表語，在表語的後面常常接不定式結構。I"m happy to meet

you.They

are willing to

help.We

are determined to follow his example.二、主語―――動詞在這一句型中，動詞為不及物動詞及不及物的動詞片語。在有的句子中，不及物動詞可以有狀語修飾。

1.The

sun is rising.2.I"ll

try.3.Did

you sleep well？(well做狀語，修飾不及物動詞sleep)

4.The

engine broke down.注意：在此句型中，有少數不及物動詞表達被動含義，表達主語本身所具有的特性，不用被動語態。

1.The

book sells

wel.2.The

window won"t

shut.3.The

pen writes

smoothly.4.Cheese

cuts easily.三、主語―――動詞―――賓語在此句型中，動詞為及物動詞，劃線部分為賓語。

1.Do

you know these people(them)？(名詞或代詞做賓語)

2.I

can"t express myself in English.(反身代詞做賓語)

3.He

smiled a strange smile.(同源賓語)

4.We

can"t afford to pay such a price.(不定式做賓語)

5.Would

you mind waiting a few minutes？(動名詞做賓語)

6.I

hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(從句做賓語，即：賓語從句)注意：並不是所有的及物動詞都可以接上述各種情況做賓語，不同的動詞有不同的用法，所以，在學習動詞時，一定要掌握其用法。四、主語―――動詞―――賓語―――賓語在此句型中，動詞可以稱作雙賓語動詞，在英語中，這樣的動詞並不多，在學習遇時，要牢記。後面的賓語為間接賓語和直接賓語，其中間接賓語在前，一般表人，直接賓語在後，一般表物。這類句型有三種情況。第一種情況，間接賓語可以改為to引導的短語。

1.He

handed me a

letter.He

handed a letter to

me.2.She

gave me her telephone

number.She

gave her telephone number to me.第二種情況，間接賓語可以改為for引導的短語。

3.She

sang us a folk

song.She

sang a folk for

us.4.She

cooked us a delicious

meal.She

cooked a delicious meal for us.第三種情況，直接賓語可以由賓語從句充當。

5.Tell

him I"m

out.6.Can

you inform me where Miss Green lives？五、主語―――動詞―――賓語―――賓語補足語在此句型中的動詞，叫做可以跟複合賓語的動詞，在英語中，這樣的動詞也不多。後面的賓語補足語是說明賓語的情況的，賓語和賓語補足語一起被稱做複合賓語。這個句式是英語中比較複雜的一個句式，因為複合賓語的構成內容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補足語。

1.He

found his new job boring.(形容詞做賓補)

2.The

called their daughter Mary.(名詞做賓補)

3.This

placed her in a very difficult position.(介詞短語做賓補)

4.We

went to here house but found her out.(副詞做賓補)

5.What

do you advise me to do？(不定式做賓補)

6.We

thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做賓補)

7.He

believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做賓補)

8.He

believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的進行式做賓補)

9.Did

you notice him come in？(不帶to的不定式做賓補)

10.I

saw her chatting with Nancy.(現在分詞做賓補)

11.He

watched the piano carried upstairs.(過去分詞做賓補)注意：在這個結構中，可以出現用it做形式上的賓語，把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語的後面。在此結構中，賓語常常是動詞不定式或賓語從句。

1.He

felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析：it是形式賓語，hisduty是賓語補足語，to mention this to her是真正的賓語。

2.I

think it best that you should stay with us.分析：it是形式賓語，best是賓語補足語，that you should stay with us是真正的賓語。注意：1.習慣用語的使用在英語中，有很多動詞習慣用語，在學習的過程中，要注意它們的使用，不必分析單獨每個詞的使用。例：We are short of money.(be short of中short做表語)She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的賓語)He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做片語carry out的賓語)We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for後面的the rain是賓語，to stop是賓語補足語)2.在英語中，大多數動詞既可以做及物動詞又可以做不及物動詞，而且還會有一些固定片語，因此一個動詞可以用於幾種句型。例：ask①Did you ask the price？(直接接名詞做賓語)②She asked them their names.(接雙賓語)③I asked James to buy some bread.(接賓語加不定式做賓語補足語)④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做賓語)⑤Didn"t you ask him in？(在此句中和副詞in連用)⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(組成固定片語ask for)

3.There

be句型是一種特殊的句子，真正的主語在後面，含義為“有…”①謂語動詞和主語保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.②有兩個或更多的主語時，動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.③主語的後面有時有修飾語：There are a lot of difficulties facing

us.There

were many things to be done(此處也可以使用to do).④謂語動詞be可以有時態的變化:There will be a concert in the park

tonight.There

was little change in him.⑤謂語也可以有不定式構成的複合謂語。There used to be a cinema

here.There

seems to be something the matter with

her.Is

there going to be any activity tonight？⑥there be句式變疑問句，把be提前；變翻譯疑問句也要藉助there。Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？⑦there be句型中也可以使用諸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物動詞：Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the

island.There

came a knock at the

door.At

the top of the hill there stands an old temple.⑧用於非謂語的情況下，有時用不定式的複合結構there to be或動名詞的複合結構和獨立主格結構there being：You wouldn"t want there to be another war.(不定式的複合結構)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(動名詞的複合結構)There being nothing else to do，we went home.(獨立主格結構)■鞏固性練習請判斷下列句子的結構型別

1.He

is

running.2.The

loud voice from the upstairs made him

angry.3.The

little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of

questions.4.She

seemed

angry.5.My

father bought me a beautiful

present.6.Why

do you keep your eyes closed？

7.Will

you tell us an exciting story？

8.We

must keep our classroom tidy and

clean.9.I

heard the baby crying in the sitting

room.10.Can

you push the window open？答案：1.主語---動詞2.主語---動詞---賓語---補語3.主語---動詞---賓語---賓語4.主語---動詞----表語5.主語---動詞---賓語---賓語6.主語---動詞---賓語---賓語7.主語---動詞---賓語---補語8.主語---動詞---賓語---補語9.主語---動詞---賓語---補語10.主語---動詞---賓語---補語