You must finish the work now. 你必須現在完成工作。 ---被動語態： The work must be finished (by you) now. ------引申：被動語態（The passive voice in English），即不知道動作執行者或強調動作承受者的一種語態。英語的語態是透過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。 1、時態構成： 英語被動語態的構成通常是：“Be+Passive”。但“Get+Passive”也可以構成被動語態，用這種結構的句子側重於動作的結果而不是動作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那個男人在回家的路上受傷了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎麼破了？ 著名學者周海中教授在論文《Get-Passive研究》中指出：Get+過去分詞的被動語態是一種新興的被動語態形式；相對來說它的使用還沒有Be+過去分詞構成的被動語態那麼廣泛，一般限於口語和非正式書面語；但它卻有著用得愈來愈多的趨勢，是一種生氣英語被動語態蓬勃的語言現象。 2、特殊情況： ① 有些動詞在主動結構中，後面接不帶to的不定式，但如果改為被動，則需把省略的to加上，這類動詞有 [let, make, have,help]和感官動詞[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有賓語從句的主動結構變為被動，通常用it作為被動結構的先行主語，從句放在句子後面/也可採用另一種形式，這類動詞有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 不是所有的主動句都可以變換成被動句，更不是所有的被動句都可以自由變換成主動句。雖然語法原則上允許主動和被動句的互相轉換，但有的句子轉換後會變成不通順或不地道的英語句子。因此，在某些題目裡，這也成為判斷應該用主動還是用被動的依據。 例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. 在這段文章裡，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van這句被動句強調出讀到文章的人最關心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital這句話則說明了孩子被送到醫院的事實，至於是由誰（某個過路人？或肇事司機？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm這句被動句無須說出treat這個動作的發出者，因為在醫院，傷病員自然由醫務人員處理，無須羅嗦。這樣，這段英語被動語態文章就重點突出，條理清楚了。 ④ 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用於被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面。多是把間接賓語變為主語。這樣句子自然些。直接賓語變為主語時，間接賓語要變為某個介詞的賓語，介詞to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改為This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些動詞雖為及物，但賓語並非是動作承受者，不能轉換，這些動詞有have, hold（容納）,suit, fit, lack, become（適合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足夠）等。 ⑥ 當直接賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞或賓語前有指代主語的物主代詞時不用被動，如I shook my head.我搖搖頭。 ⑦ 當賓語為同源賓語（與主句指同一人），動名詞，動詞不定式或一個從句時不用被動。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定說法中，有些名詞和動詞結合的固定說法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些從不及物動詞轉化來的及物動詞，直接賓語在表示動作的方式或效果時，這些動詞在意思上起狀語的作用，沒有被動The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(這個女孩說了晚安並且親了他的男朋友） ⑩ 表地點\處所\組織\長度\大小\數量\程度\抽象名詞的詞做賓語時不用被動. ⑪ 某些“不及物動詞+介詞”短語walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被動。 ⑫ 某些詞用主動表被動：sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等 3、用法介紹： 1）一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2）一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3）現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4）一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5）含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6）現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7）不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 8）過去將來時的被動語態：would + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him.
You must finish the work now. 你必須現在完成工作。 ---被動語態： The work must be finished (by you) now. ------引申：被動語態（The passive voice in English），即不知道動作執行者或強調動作承受者的一種語態。英語的語態是透過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。 1、時態構成： 英語被動語態的構成通常是：“Be+Passive”。但“Get+Passive”也可以構成被動語態，用這種結構的句子側重於動作的結果而不是動作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那個男人在回家的路上受傷了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎麼破了？ 著名學者周海中教授在論文《Get-Passive研究》中指出：Get+過去分詞的被動語態是一種新興的被動語態形式；相對來說它的使用還沒有Be+過去分詞構成的被動語態那麼廣泛，一般限於口語和非正式書面語；但它卻有著用得愈來愈多的趨勢，是一種生氣英語被動語態蓬勃的語言現象。 2、特殊情況： ① 有些動詞在主動結構中，後面接不帶to的不定式，但如果改為被動，則需把省略的to加上，這類動詞有 [let, make, have,help]和感官動詞[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有賓語從句的主動結構變為被動，通常用it作為被動結構的先行主語，從句放在句子後面/也可採用另一種形式，這類動詞有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 不是所有的主動句都可以變換成被動句，更不是所有的被動句都可以自由變換成主動句。雖然語法原則上允許主動和被動句的互相轉換，但有的句子轉換後會變成不通順或不地道的英語句子。因此，在某些題目裡，這也成為判斷應該用主動還是用被動的依據。 例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. 在這段文章裡，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van這句被動句強調出讀到文章的人最關心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital這句話則說明了孩子被送到醫院的事實，至於是由誰（某個過路人？或肇事司機？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm這句被動句無須說出treat這個動作的發出者，因為在醫院，傷病員自然由醫務人員處理，無須羅嗦。這樣，這段英語被動語態文章就重點突出，條理清楚了。 ④ 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用於被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面。多是把間接賓語變為主語。這樣句子自然些。直接賓語變為主語時，間接賓語要變為某個介詞的賓語，介詞to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改為This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些動詞雖為及物，但賓語並非是動作承受者，不能轉換，這些動詞有have, hold（容納）,suit, fit, lack, become（適合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足夠）等。 ⑥ 當直接賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞或賓語前有指代主語的物主代詞時不用被動，如I shook my head.我搖搖頭。 ⑦ 當賓語為同源賓語（與主句指同一人），動名詞，動詞不定式或一個從句時不用被動。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定說法中，有些名詞和動詞結合的固定說法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些從不及物動詞轉化來的及物動詞，直接賓語在表示動作的方式或效果時，這些動詞在意思上起狀語的作用，沒有被動The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(這個女孩說了晚安並且親了他的男朋友） ⑩ 表地點\處所\組織\長度\大小\數量\程度\抽象名詞的詞做賓語時不用被動. ⑪ 某些“不及物動詞+介詞”短語walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被動。 ⑫ 某些詞用主動表被動：sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等 3、用法介紹： 1）一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2）一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3）現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4）一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5）含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6）現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7）不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 8）過去將來時的被動語態：would + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him.