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    when,while,as引導時間狀語從句的區別

    when,while,as顯然都可以引導時間狀語從句,但用法區別非常大。

    一、when可以和延續性動詞連用,也可以和短暫性動詞連用;而while和as只能和延續性動詞連用。

    ① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動詞)你已經找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?

    ②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動詞)對不起,你打電話時我剛好外出了。

    ④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen為延續性動詞)學生們邊聽課邊做筆記。

    二、when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之後或同時發生;while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發生。

    1.從句動作在主句動作前發生,只用 when。

    ①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發生)當他完成作業後,他休息了一會兒。

    ②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to後發生)當我趕到飛機場時,客人們已經離開了。

    2.從句動作和主句動作同時發生,且從句動作為延續性動詞時,when,while,as都可使用。

    ①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續性動詞)當我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進來。

    ②When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make為延續性動詞)當她在打電話時,我正在寫信。

    3.當主句、從句動作同時進行,從句動作的時間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動作發生的背景或條件時,只能用 as。這時,as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。

    ① As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)

    ② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.隨著高度的增加,大氣越來越稀薄。

    ④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。

    ⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.傷心的媽媽坐在路邊,邊哭邊叫。

    4.在將來時從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時代替將來時。

    ①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書後,你可以借閱。

    ②When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下週,經理來這參觀時,我會和他談談此事。

    三、when用於表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過去的事情)。

    sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...

    ①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼,就有人在敲門了。

    ②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我剛一走進房門,電話就響了

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