所謂精準理解就透過文字想象出精確的畫面。我用《東方快車謀殺案》Murder on the orient express 中的一小段來說明問題。
The next day he wondered whether, perhaps, they had quarrelled. They spoke little to each other. The girl, he thought, looked anxious. There were dark circles under her eyes.
第二天他琢磨著他們是否真的爭吵了。他們很少說話。他感覺,那姑娘看上去很焦慮。眼睛周圍也有了黑眼圈,
It was about half-past two in the afternoon when the train came to a halt. Heads were poked out of windows. A little knot of men were clustered by the side of the line looking and pointing at something under the dining-car.
Poirot leaned out and spoke to the Wagon Lit conductor who was hurrying past. The man answered, and Poirot drew back his head and, turning, almost collided with Mary Debenham who was standing just behind him.
首先說明一下什麼是精準理解。
所謂精準理解就透過文字想象出精確的畫面。我用《東方快車謀殺案》Murder on the orient express 中的一小段來說明問題。
The next day he wondered whether, perhaps, they had quarrelled. They spoke little to each other. The girl, he thought, looked anxious. There were dark circles under her eyes.
第二天他琢磨著他們是否真的爭吵了。他們很少說話。他感覺,那姑娘看上去很焦慮。眼睛周圍也有了黑眼圈,
It was about half-past two in the afternoon when the train came to a halt. Heads were poked out of windows. A little knot of men were clustered by the side of the line looking and pointing at something under the dining-car.
大約下午兩點半時,火車停了。腦袋一個個從車窗裡探出來,幾個男人聚集在鐵路邊,看著並用手指著餐車下的什麼東西。
Poirot leaned out and spoke to the Wagon Lit conductor who was hurrying past. The man answered, and Poirot drew back his head and, turning, almost collided with Mary Debenham who was standing just behind him.
波羅探出身來,問剛好匆匆經過的臥鋪車廂的乘務員。那人應了一聲。波羅把頭縮回來,轉過身,幾乎和站在他身後的德本漢撞在一起。
我把它翻譯過來便於你理解,但是理解不是翻譯,而是透過文字想象出畫面。
我們首先想象有一個男人思考著另兩個人可能吵架的情景。而且那兩個人可能還是一對情侶。然後想象女孩焦慮的樣子和眼圈發黑的樣子。這是第一段,
第三段我們想象,小說的主人公波羅把頭伸出來和臥鋪車廂的乘務員說,那人急衝衝地應了一聲,然後波羅又把頭縮回來,轉身時差點和德本漢相撞的景象。
你能把這些景象或情景想象出來,就是精準理解了。如果你的畫面是模糊的。或不連貫的,或是想象出完全不同的景象,那就是沒有精準理解。
那麼,如何才能精準理解呢?
剛開始學英語時,由於句子都比較簡單,所以,僅憑詞義就能理解個八九不離十。但隨著課程的不斷加深。語言的難度也一定要增加。句子越來越長。這時僅憑詞義就不能做到精準理解了。這時就要學習語法了。
語法分為詞法和句法兩部分,一般在初級階段就把詞法學完了。等句子有了一定的難度,就得學句法,句法就是研究句子結構,也就分析句子的主謂賓定狀補。搞清楚他們之間的關係。再加上詞義,就可以精準理解了。但這不是短時間就能學會的。得有個老師教你,這樣能學的快很多。
剩下的就是把精準理解過的文章進行反覆地聽讀練習。聽到隨便播放那一句,就知道是哪一段故事。讀到一邊讀一邊能想出畫面,讀文章就像在大腦中過電影一樣。只有這樣練下去,才能培養出英語思維。有了英語思維,精準理解就不是問題了。沒有大量聽讀的訓練,是學不會語言的。