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  • 1 # 使用者1209483070960

    cost的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語it),不能是人;spend的主語只能是人,不能是事或物;take的主語可以是事或物(包括形式主語it)也可以是人。如:  The computer cost (me) $2 000.這部電腦花了(我) 2 000美元。  It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car.使用一輛車每年要花(我)1 000美元。  I have spent all day looking for you.我花了1整天找你。  It took me an hour to write the letter.我寫這封信花了1個小時。  The letter took me an hour (to write). (譯文同上)  I took an hour to write the letter. (譯文同上)  注:若cost不是表示“花費”,而是表示客觀上地或被動地“耗費”,則也可用人作主語。如:  Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year.抽菸的人每年要耗費政府不少錢。注:TAKE COST SPEND 的用法區別:這三個均可表示“花費”,但在用法和搭配等有很大區別。現分述如下:  一、從所涉及的主語來看  cost的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語it),不能是人;spend的主語只能是人,不能是事或物;take的主語可以是事或物(包括形式主語it)也可以是人。如:  The computer cost (me) $2 000.這部電腦花了(我) 2 000美元。  It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car.使用一輛車每年要花(我)1 000美元。  I have spent all day looking for you.我花了1整天找你。  It took me an hour to write the letter.我寫這封信花了1個小時。  The letter took me an hour (to write). (譯文同上)  I took an hour to write the letter. (譯文同上)  注:若cost不是表示“花費”,而是表示客觀上地或被動地“耗費”,則也可用人作主語。如:  Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year.抽菸的人每年要耗費政府不少錢。  2.從所涉及的賓語來看  cost的賓語通常是錢,take的賓語通常是時間,而spend的賓語則可以是時間或錢。如:  How much did it cost to build the bridge?建這座橋花了多少錢?  It took her two hours to walk to the station.走路去車站花了她兩小時。  He spends much time (money) on books.他花了很多時間讀(錢買)書。  注:cost有時也用於時間,但通常只用於籠統時間(一般不用於具體明確的時間)。如:  Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做這樣的實驗要花很多時間和勞力。  按傳統語法,take的賓語通常是時間,但在現代英語中,用錢作其賓語的現象已很普遍。如:  It takes a lot of money to buy a house.買一座房子要花一大筆錢。  3.從所採用的句型結構來看  (1)三者的通常句型為:  sth costs (sb) money某物花某人多少錢  it costs (sb) money to do sth做某事花某人多少錢  sb spends time (money) on sth某人在某一方面花多少錢  sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth某人在做某事方面花多少錢  it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth做某事花某人多少時間或錢  sth takes sb time (money) to do某事花某人多少時間或錢去做  sb takes time (moeny) to do某人花多少時間或錢去做某事  (2)用於以上意義時,cost不能用於被動語態,take通常不用於被動語態,而spend則可以用於被動語態。  誤:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.  誤:Two hours was taken to do the work.  正:Two hours was spent on the work.做這工作花了兩個小時。

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