證明:當n=1時,左邊=(a+b)1=a+b
右邊=C01a+C11b=a+b;左邊=右邊
假設當n=k時,等式成立,即(a+b)n=C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn成立;
則當n=k+1時, (a+b)(n+1)=(a+b)n*(a+b)=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*(a+b)
=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*a+[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*b
=[C0na(n+1)+C1n anb十…十Crn a(n-r+1)br十…十Cnn abn]+[C0nanb+C1n a(n-1)b2十…十Crn a(n-r)b(r+1)十…十Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0na(n+1)+(C0n+C1n)anb十…十(C(r-1)n+Crn) a(n-r+1)br十…十(C(n-1)n+Cnn)abn+Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0(n+1)a(n+1)+C1(n+1)anb+C2(n+1)a(n-1)b2+…+Cr(n+1) a(n-r+1)br+…+C(n+1)(n+1) b(n+1)
∴當n=k+1時,等式也成立;
所以對於任意正整數,等式都成立
證明:當n=1時,左邊=(a+b)1=a+b
右邊=C01a+C11b=a+b;左邊=右邊
假設當n=k時,等式成立,即(a+b)n=C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn成立;
則當n=k+1時, (a+b)(n+1)=(a+b)n*(a+b)=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*(a+b)
=[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*a+[C0nan+C1n a(n-1)b十…十Crn a(n-r)br十…十Cnn bn]*b
=[C0na(n+1)+C1n anb十…十Crn a(n-r+1)br十…十Cnn abn]+[C0nanb+C1n a(n-1)b2十…十Crn a(n-r)b(r+1)十…十Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0na(n+1)+(C0n+C1n)anb十…十(C(r-1)n+Crn) a(n-r+1)br十…十(C(n-1)n+Cnn)abn+Cnn b(n+1)]
=C0(n+1)a(n+1)+C1(n+1)anb+C2(n+1)a(n-1)b2+…+Cr(n+1) a(n-r+1)br+…+C(n+1)(n+1) b(n+1)
∴當n=k+1時,等式也成立;
所以對於任意正整數,等式都成立