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  • 1 # 使用者8125325138772

    CH4

    -------hv

    CH4+Cl2→CH3Cl+HCL

    -------點燃

    CH4+2O2→→CO2+2H2O(完全燃燒)

    -------點燃

    CH4+O2→→CO+2H2O(不完全燃燒)

    ----1000℃

    CH4→→→C+2H2

    C2H6的性質與CH4相似,

    C2H4

    -------點燃

    C2H4+3O2→→2CO2+2H2O(完全燃燒)

    --------催化劑、加熱、加壓

    2C2H4+O2→→→→→→→→→→2CH3CHO

    3C2H4+2KMnO4+4H2O→→HOCH2CH2OH+2MnO2↓+2KOH

    5C2H4+8KMnO4+12H2SO4→→10HCOOH+8MnSO4+4K2SO412H2O

    ------------CCl4

    CH2=CH2+Br2→→BrCH2CH2Br

    ----------Ni、△

    CH2=CH2+H2→→→CH3CH3

    ----------ACl3、△

    CH2=CH2+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl

    ------------催化劑、加熱、加壓

    CH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→CH3CH2OH

    ------------催化劑、加熱、加壓

    nCH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→[CH2CH2]n(不好表示)

    CH3CH2OH

    ------------點燃

    CH3CH2OH+3O2→→2CO2+3H2O(完全燃燒)

    ------------催化劑

    2CH3CH2OH+O2→→→2CH3CHO+2H2O

    2CH3CH2OH+2Na→→→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑

    -------------ZnCl2

    CH3CH2OH+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl+H2O

    --------濃硫酸、170℃

    CH3CH2OH→→→→→→CH2=CH2↑+H2O

    --------濃硫酸、140℃

    CH3CH2OH→→→→C2H5OC2H5+H2O

    CH3CH2OH+H2SO4→→→C2H5OSO3H+H2O

    ----------------濃硫酸、△

    CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O

    ---------------濃硫酸、△

    CH3CH2OH+HNO3→→→→→→CH3CH2ONO2+H2O

    CH3COOH

    2CH3COOH+2Na→→→2CH3COONa+H2↑

    2CH3COOH+Na2O→→→2CH3COONa+2H2O

    CH3COOH+NaOH→→→CH3COONa+H2O

    CH3COOH+NH3→→→CH3COONH4

    CH3COOH+NaHCO3→→→CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O

    ----------------濃硫酸、△

    CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O

    ----------紫外光

    C6H6+3Cl2→→→→C6H6Cl6

    ----------催化劑

    C6H6+Cl2→→→→C6H5Cl+HCl

    ---------濃硫酸、△

    C6H6+HNO3→→→→→→C6H5NO2+H2O

    ------------△

    C6H6+H2SO4→→→C6H5SO3H+H2O

    小結:

    1.取代反應

    2.加成反應

    (C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2 (C17H35COO)3C3H5

    3.氧化反應

    2C2H2+5O2 4CO2+2H2O

    2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O

    2CH3CHO+O2

    CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH +2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O

    4.還原反應

    5.消去反應

    C2H5OH CH2═CH2↑+H2O

    CH3—CH2—CH2Br+KOH CH3—CH═CH2+KBr+H2O

    6.酯化反應

    7.水解反應

    C2H5Cl+H2O C2H5OH+HCl

    CH3COOC2H5+H2O CH3COOH+C2H5OH

    (C6H10O5)n+nH¬2O nC6H12O6

    澱粉 葡萄糖

    8.聚合反應

    9.熱裂

    10.烷基化反應

    11.顯色反應

    6C6H5OH+Fe3+ [Fe(C6H5O)6]3-+6H+

    (紫色)

    有些蛋白質與濃HNO3作用而呈黃色

    12.中和反應

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