第一種:關係代詞引導的定語從句
關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等成分。關係代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathas never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語)
4)but
在句中作主語,在意義上相當於 who not或that not
5)than
一般用在形式為比較級的複合句中,其結構為形容詞比較級(more)...than+從句
第二種:關係副詞引導的定語從句
關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where,why
關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關係副詞
that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不太可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要 求用關係代詞。
例如:
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯絡在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時,應選擇關係代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語時,應選擇關係副詞。
第一種:關係代詞引導的定語從句
關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等成分。關係代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathas never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語)
4)but
在句中作主語,在意義上相當於 who not或that not
5)than
一般用在形式為比較級的複合句中,其結構為形容詞比較級(more)...than+從句
第二種:關係副詞引導的定語從句
關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where,why
關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關係副詞
that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不太可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要 求用關係代詞。
例如:
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯絡在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時,應選擇關係代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語時,應選擇關係副詞。