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  • 1 # 蝸牛LOVE旅遊

    一、絕大多數的可數名詞的複數形式,是在該詞末尾加上後輟-s。讀音變化:結尾是清子音讀[s],結尾是濁子音或母音讀[z]。例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上後輟-es構成複數。讀音變化:統一加讀[iz]。例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes三、以子音字母+y結尾的名詞,將y改變為i,再加-es。讀音變化:加讀[z]。例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories四、以-o結尾的名詞,如果不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構成複數。讀音變化:加讀[z]。例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外來詞); photo→photos; macro→macros(縮寫詞)五、以-f或-fe結尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變為-ves,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves反例:roof→roofs六、以-us結尾的名詞(多為外來詞),通常將-us改變為-i構成複數。讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti七、以-is結尾的名詞,通常將-is改變為-es。讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。例:axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes八、以-ix結尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變為-ices,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。例:matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes九、以-um結尾的名詞,將-um改變為-a。讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。例:forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua十、以-a結尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上後輟-e。讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。例:larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae十一、部分單詞的複數形式不變。讀音變化:保持原音。例:fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon十二、極少數單詞,其複數形式沒有任何規律。讀音變化:沒有規律。例:man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen十三、一些單數詞得加en才能變成複數詞例:ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren十四、一些單數詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成複數詞例:analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基礎; datum→data資料; foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice蝨子; man→menmouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號; phenomenon→phenomena現象; radius→radii 半徑tooth→teeth; woman→women十五、有些名詞是單數、複數不分的例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鮭魚; trout 鱒魚十六、一些名詞雖分單數、複數,但出現次數多的總是單數詞例:abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture傢俱; machinery機械; news; scenery風景; sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名詞則以複數詞出現的機會較多例:bellows風箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀trousers長褲; wages工資十八、compound nouns,這類複數詞是以主要的名詞來表示例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦; maid-servant→maid-servantsstep-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law十九、若表達具體數目,要藉助數量詞例:pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers二十、另外還有一些名詞,其複數形式有時可表示特別意思例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有複數形式。例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

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