可以直接作主語。如: To see is to believe. 但在英語中,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語即動詞不定式放在後面。如: It"s wrong to play tricks on other people. It"s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 規律:動詞不定式在句中作主語時,常放在It is +adj.(形容詞)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名詞)+to do sth. it僅作形式主語。
2. 作賓語 want,decide ,agree等動詞後面跟並且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. 而 love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等詞後面可以接不定式,還可以接動名詞,意思無很大區別。 提示:like doing指經常性動作,而like to do指一次性的動作。如: I like swimming, but I don"t like to swim now.我喜歡游泳,但我現在不想遊。
特別注意: stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等詞或短語後面可以接不定式。但後面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。如: 1)stop to do sth.停止一件事,去做另一件事。 Stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。 例:When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking; when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 當老師走進來時,學生們停止說話;當老師走出去時,學生們又開始說話。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等詞或短語後面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區別?
在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是後面的動詞不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text.
3. 作賓語補足語
tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等詞後面常接不定式作賓補。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison"s mother taught him to read and write.
let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice後面接不帶to的不定式作賓補。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her sing in the next room. 提示:若變成被動語態,在上述結構中,不定式符號to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room.
4. 作定語:放在被修飾的名詞、代詞後面 . 例:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 規律:動詞不定式若在句中作定語,常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之後。 提示:如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構成動賓關係,若動詞是不及物動詞,切記不要忘掉介詞。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with?
5. 表語:放在連繫動詞be後面 . 例:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers" lives. 當務之急是搶救戰士們的生命。 規律:動詞不定式在句中作表語時,通常對連繫動詞前面的名詞進行詮釋說明。
6. 作狀語
目的狀語:放在go,come,use,live,in order等詞後面。如: I come to see you. He runs fast in order to get there in time.
原因狀語:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等詞後面。如: I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you.
作結果狀語。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach. The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.
7. 與what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑問詞連用,作賓語、賓語補足語、主語等。如: I don"t know what to do next.(賓語) He taught us how to use the computer.(賓語補足語) It"s still a question how to get there.(主語)
動詞不定式用法歸納
動詞不定式沒有人稱和數的變化,在句中不能獨立作謂語。但動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞特徵,在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、表語和狀語等多種成分。另外,動詞不定式具有動詞特點,可以有自己的賓語和狀語,組成動詞不定式短語。動詞不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 下面以動詞不定式在句中的作用來予以詳細說明。
1. 作主語
可以直接作主語。如: To see is to believe. 但在英語中,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語即動詞不定式放在後面。如: It"s wrong to play tricks on other people. It"s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 規律:動詞不定式在句中作主語時,常放在It is +adj.(形容詞)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名詞)+to do sth. it僅作形式主語。
2. 作賓語 want,decide ,agree等動詞後面跟並且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. 而 love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等詞後面可以接不定式,還可以接動名詞,意思無很大區別。 提示:like doing指經常性動作,而like to do指一次性的動作。如: I like swimming, but I don"t like to swim now.我喜歡游泳,但我現在不想遊。
特別注意: stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等詞或短語後面可以接不定式。但後面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。如: 1)stop to do sth.停止一件事,去做另一件事。 Stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。 例:When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking; when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 當老師走進來時,學生們停止說話;當老師走出去時,學生們又開始說話。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等詞或短語後面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區別?
在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是後面的動詞不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text.
3. 作賓語補足語
tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等詞後面常接不定式作賓補。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison"s mother taught him to read and write.
let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice後面接不帶to的不定式作賓補。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her sing in the next room. 提示:若變成被動語態,在上述結構中,不定式符號to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room.
4. 作定語:放在被修飾的名詞、代詞後面 . 例:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 規律:動詞不定式若在句中作定語,常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之後。 提示:如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構成動賓關係,若動詞是不及物動詞,切記不要忘掉介詞。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with?
5. 表語:放在連繫動詞be後面 . 例:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers" lives. 當務之急是搶救戰士們的生命。 規律:動詞不定式在句中作表語時,通常對連繫動詞前面的名詞進行詮釋說明。
6. 作狀語
目的狀語:放在go,come,use,live,in order等詞後面。如: I come to see you. He runs fast in order to get there in time.
原因狀語:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等詞後面。如: I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you.
作結果狀語。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach. The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.
7. 與what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑問詞連用,作賓語、賓語補足語、主語等。如: I don"t know what to do next.(賓語) He taught us how to use the computer.(賓語補足語) It"s still a question how to get there.(主語)