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  • 1 # 清風笑煙雨9852

    一. 非謂語動詞的含義

    非謂語動詞首先是一種動詞形式,其次是這種動詞形式不能做謂語,綜合這兩點,我們將其叫做非謂語動詞。

    二. 非謂語動詞的形式

    非謂語動詞包含四種形式,即不定式、動名詞、現在分詞和過去分詞。其中,每種形式按照發生時間和主被動又包括不同的子形式。具體如下:

    1. 不定式

    ①基本形式:to do(表示主動,並且一般表示將來)

    ②被動式:to be done(表示被動,並且一般表示將來)

    ④完成時:to have done(表示主動和完成)

    ⑤完成被動式:to have been done(表示被動和完成)

    ⑥完成進行式:to have been doing (表示主動和完成進行)

    例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老師讓我們做早操。

    The car to be bought is for his sister.要買的這輛車是給他的姐姐的。

    She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老師進來時,她假裝正在讀書。

    The thief is said to have escaped.據說小偷已經逃跑了。

    The thief is said to have been arrested.據說小偷已經被抓住了。

    She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.據說在過去的20年裡,她一直在這家工廠工作。

    2. 動名詞

    ①基本形式:doing (表示主動)

    ②被動式:being done(表示被動)

    ④完成被動式:having been done(表示被動和完成)

    例如:Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未來,普通人在太空旅行將會是普遍的事情。

    Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的樂隊到哪裡都被他們的粉絲跟著。

    I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做過這樣一件違揹你的事情。

    Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顧客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少兩過。

    3. 現在分詞

    ①基本形式:doing (表示主動和進行)

    ②被動式:being done(表示被動和進行)

    ④完成被動式:having been done(表示被動和完成)

    He sat there,reading a newspaper.他坐在那裡,讀著一張報紙。

    The area being studied may be rich in coal.這個正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

    Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV.完成作業後,我開始看電視。

    Having been told many times,she still can"t remember it.已經被告訴了很多次,她仍然記不住。

    4. 過去分詞:done

    及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動或完成;不及物動詞的過去分詞表示主動或完成。

    polluted river 被汙染的河流

    fallen leaves 落葉

    注意:非謂語動詞本身不能表示現在和過去。非謂語動詞表示進行、將來和完成時是相對於謂語動作來說的:和謂語動作同時發生表示進行;發生在謂語動作之後表示將來;發生在謂語動作之前表示完成。

    三. 非謂語動詞的作用

    非謂語動詞除去不能做謂語之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具體如下。

    1. 不定式:做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語。

    To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主語)

    學會一門外語是很難的。

    Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作賓語)湯姆想要喝杯啤酒。

    His wish is to be a driver.(作表語)他的願望是當一名司機。

    I have nothing to say.(作定語)我沒有什麼可說的。

    The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作賓語補足語)

    老師讓我們做早操。

    They went to see their aunt. (目的狀語)他們去見他們的姑姑。

    2. 動名詞:做主語、賓語、表語、定語和補語。

    Learning English is very difficult .(作主語)學英語非常困難。

    I enjoy dancing.(作動詞賓語)我喜歡跳舞。

    I have got used to living in the country.(作介詞賓語)我已經習慣了住農村。

    His job is driving a bus.(作表語)他的工作是開車。

    3. 現在分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補語。

    The story is interesting.這個故事有趣。

    He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作狀語)他坐在那裡,讀著一張報紙。

    The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定語)這個正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

    He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作賓補)他看到小偷正在從銀行偷錢。

    4. 過去分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補語。

    He is interested in the news.(作表語)他對這則訊息很感興趣。

    polluted river(做定語) 被汙染的河流

    Given more time,I can do my work better.(做狀語)如果再被多給些時間,我會把工作做得更好。

    I found my watch stolen.(做賓補)

    我發現我的手錶被偷了。

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