獨立主格結構的功能

獨立主格結構主要用於描繪性文字中，其作用相當於一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如：

1) 表示時間

The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會後我們都回家了。

Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她幹完了活，坐下來喝茶。

2） 表示條件

The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。

3） 表示原因

There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有計程車，我們只好步行。

He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。

4） 表示伴隨情況

Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)

常見的獨立主格結構有如下幾種：

1. 名詞/主格代詞+現在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間主謂關係。如：

The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什麼好。

Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊遊。

2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關係。如：

The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質量已經提高了。

Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由於眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。

3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關係，且強調的是一次具體性的動作。如：

He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 藉助於一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。

They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別後，一個回了家，一個去了書店。

4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。如：

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這麼多人缺席，會議不得不取消。

5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。如：

He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束，他們就都回家了。

6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語。如：

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手裡拿著書去教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。

7. There being +名詞（代詞）如：

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。

8. It being +名詞（代詞）如：

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由於聖誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由於今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。

獨立主格結構的特點：

1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。

2）名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關係。

3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。

舉例：

The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

考試結束了，我們開始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

This done, we went home.

工作完成後，我們才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

他回到了房子裡，耳朵凍壞了。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館

注：獨立主格結構有時可在其前加上介詞with。

如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 別開著窗睡覺。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

She came in with a book in her hand. 她手裡拿著一本書走了進來。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房裡工作。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。