6. 模仿練習開始,模仿者可以在發音基本正確,熟練朗讀的基礎上,2天或3天模仿練習一篇課文。模仿朗讀的目的是:戒掉靠漢語思維,藉助漢語理解原文,隨心所欲地朗讀英語的習慣,快速建立並加深地道英語的節奏,語流印象。只有你耐心模仿朗讀並積累達到了800~1200單詞的初/中/高階原文文章不低於各100篇的那一天,你才可以說,你已經脫離了中式英語模式,進入Native English Speaker 模式了。
Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人談話Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can"t hear a word!" I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!".
2. 林肯葛底斯堡演講
Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of the war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as the final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our power to add or to detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here, to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
語言的三大要素音,型,義中,發音是第一位的:除了人類,世界上絕大多數動物都沒有語言,它們靠彼此之間的的鳴叫交流,換句話說,沒有發音,就沒有交流。
學習英語,第一步是學習發音,而英語的發音有其自身的鮮明特點:節奏和流暢。確保英語朗讀的發音節奏和流暢基本體現在:
1.單詞的重讀音節和非重讀音節的快速,連續轉換。
2.單詞與單詞之間,片語與片語之間,句子與句子之間首尾單詞的音節之間的連讀,吞音,失去爆破,母音的弱化,輕子音的濁化,音變等等發音變化。
3. 單詞和片語中,每個單詞音節的輕重,高低,音程節拍的準確掌握。
4. 英語實詞的重讀,虛詞的弱讀。
5. 句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間,首尾單詞之間的意群的連線,停頓,以及音調的升降。
6.合理分配氣流,注意換氣單詞的位置,正確區分單詞的送氣和不送氣音節。
7. 就單詞的音程而言,如果把英語單詞的一個音節看成是一拍,那麼,每個單詞的音節和音節之間的音程都應該是相等的。這也是為什麼說:英語可以打著節拍在鋼琴上來練習的原因。
英語學習者準確地掌握英語的以上發音特點,除了大量的模仿練習以外,必須學習《英語語音學》
正確練習英語朗讀的準備步驟,注意事項和要求:
1. 理解原文:理解是朗讀好一篇文章的基礎。不理解原文,你就不能正確地劃分意群,不能正確地重讀,弱讀單詞,不能正確地使用音調,進而失去英語的節奏。正確地理解原文包括:理解單詞,片語和句子的確切含義;單詞與單詞之間,片語與片語之間,句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間的語法關係和邏輯關係;全文的中心思想,修辭手法,文章結構,作者生平等。
2. 朗讀前,根據以上發音規則和英語的節奏,仔細標註每句話中每個單詞的重讀/弱讀發音符號,哪一個單詞需要讀升/降調,哪一個單詞需要連讀,失去爆破,吞音,母音弱化,子音濁化,音變等等。然後,開始慢速/中速/快速朗讀文章全篇50遍以上,並繼續深刻體會原文的單詞,片語,句子的確切含義;單詞與單詞之間,片語與片語之間,句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間的語法關係,邏輯關係,全文的中心思想。開始模仿課文原音:模仿前需對照原文默聽錄音10遍以上,並找出自己聽不懂的成分,加以練習克服,然後,開始逐字逐句的模仿原音。
3.模仿的合格標準是:模仿者必須在語音,語調,語氣,語速,語流上與原文完全一致,單詞發音正確。模仿的朗讀應該錄音下來,反覆回放糾正,只要任何人包括自己聽不出是你說的英語,聽不出是華人說的英語,你的模仿就合格了。這種模仿練習在外語學院通常會持續一年時間。英語學習者應該根據自己的學習進度和老師的指點不間斷地強化練習。模仿練習的頻率要求是:800~1200單詞的初/中/高階原文文章不低於各100篇。
4. 朗讀好一篇英文文章的基礎首先是單詞的發音,然後才是單詞和句子之間的連線。單詞的發音必須以常用英英/英漢電子詞典的發音為準。
5. 語言是一門藝術,朗讀是一門表演。既然是朗讀,那就必須高聲,從容地朗讀,而不是默讀!朗讀的“流暢”不是單純追求“快”,不是上氣不接下氣,不是含糊不清,不是矇混過關,更不是為了顯示自己。朗讀時,朗讀者不能在內心翻譯單詞和句子,不能按漢語思維習慣理解和體會原文。模仿朗讀一篇原文的過程應該是不間斷的,連續過程,不能停頓,不能卡殼,不能重複。
6. 模仿練習開始,模仿者可以在發音基本正確,熟練朗讀的基礎上,2天或3天模仿練習一篇課文。模仿朗讀的目的是:戒掉靠漢語思維,藉助漢語理解原文,隨心所欲地朗讀英語的習慣,快速建立並加深地道英語的節奏,語流印象。只有你耐心模仿朗讀並積累達到了800~1200單詞的初/中/高階原文文章不低於各100篇的那一天,你才可以說,你已經脫離了中式英語模式,進入Native English Speaker 模式了。
7. 華人講的英語與外華人講的英語其發音大相徑庭,差距巨大,其常見的,普遍的原因是:華人的英語子音發音太重,母音發音不充分,沒有連讀,沒有吞音,沒有音變,沒有輕重,沒有長短,沒有......, 總之,沒有地道英語的節奏,語音,語氣,音調,語流。高度重視並不斷克服這些華人講英語的常見病,除了高頻率地強化模仿原音練習,沒有捷徑!因為你是華人。
8. 必須指出的是,英語的口語發音與書面語發音是兩碼事,不能混為一談。英語口語的發音更具個性,更鮮明,更突出,更地域化。比如,英語口語的語調有96種之多,這也是甲的發音區別於乙的發音的原因,不過,這是下一篇文章需要解決的問題的了,有意者,敬請關注後續文章。
以下是本人模仿的兩段英語朗讀錄音,僅供參考:
1. 新感念英語第二冊 Lesson1
Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人談話Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can"t hear a word!" I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!".
2. 林肯葛底斯堡演講
Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of the war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as the final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our power to add or to detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here, to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.