John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生——他的確醫術精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。
This was the deadly disease of its day.霍亂在當時是最致命的疾病，
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不瞭解它的治療方法。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍亂暴發時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.約翰·斯諾想面對這個挑戰，解決這個問題。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯諾對霍亂致人死地的兩種推測都很感興趣。
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內的。
From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.病從胃裡發作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會很快地死去。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.斯諾推測第二種說法是正確的，但他需要證據。
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發霍亂的時候，約翰·斯諾著手準備對此進行調研。
As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.當霍亂在貧民區迅速蔓延的時候，約翰·斯諾就開始收集資料。
In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他發現特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很嚴重，在10天之內就死去了500多人。
He was determined to find out why.他決心要查明其原因。
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.首先，他在一張地圖上標明瞭所有死者住過的地方。
This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.這提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。
Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and40). 許多死者是住在寬街的水泵附近（特別是這條街上16、37、38、40號）。
He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.他發現有些住宅（如寬街上20號和21號以及劍橋街上的8號和9號）卻無人死亡。
He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.他以前沒預料到這種情況，所以他決定深入調查。
He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.他發現，這些人都在劍橋街7號的酒館裡打工，
They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. 而酒館為他們免費提供啤酒喝，因此他們沒有喝從寬街水泵抽上來的水。
It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下來，約翰·斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源情況。
He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他發現，水是從河裡來的，而河水被倫敦排出的髒水汙染了。
He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.他馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。這樣，水泵就用不成了。
Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.不久，疫情就開始得到緩解。He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣體傳播的。
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 在倫敦的另一個地區，他從兩個與寬街暴發的霍亂有關聯的死亡病例中發現了有力的證據。
A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那裡的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家裡來。
Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.她和她的女兒喝了這種水，都得了霍亂而死去。
With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 有了這個特別的證據，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣佈，這種被汙染了的水攜帶著病菌。
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為了防止這種情況的再度發生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。
The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自來水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被汙染的水了。Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.最終，“霍亂王”被擊敗了。.
約翰·斯諾擊敗“霍亂王”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生——他的確醫術精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。
This was the deadly disease of its day.霍亂在當時是最致命的疾病，
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不瞭解它的治療方法。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍亂暴發時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.約翰·斯諾想面對這個挑戰，解決這個問題。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯諾對霍亂致人死地的兩種推測都很感興趣。
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內的。
From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.病從胃裡發作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會很快地死去。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.斯諾推測第二種說法是正確的，但他需要證據。
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發霍亂的時候，約翰·斯諾著手準備對此進行調研。
As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.當霍亂在貧民區迅速蔓延的時候，約翰·斯諾就開始收集資料。
In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他發現特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很嚴重，在10天之內就死去了500多人。
He was determined to find out why.他決心要查明其原因。
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.首先，他在一張地圖上標明瞭所有死者住過的地方。
This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.這提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。
Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and40). 許多死者是住在寬街的水泵附近（特別是這條街上16、37、38、40號）。
He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.他發現有些住宅（如寬街上20號和21號以及劍橋街上的8號和9號）卻無人死亡。
He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.他以前沒預料到這種情況，所以他決定深入調查。
He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.他發現，這些人都在劍橋街7號的酒館裡打工，
They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. 而酒館為他們免費提供啤酒喝，因此他們沒有喝從寬街水泵抽上來的水。
It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下來，約翰·斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源情況。
He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他發現，水是從河裡來的，而河水被倫敦排出的髒水汙染了。
He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.他馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。這樣，水泵就用不成了。
Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.不久，疫情就開始得到緩解。He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣體傳播的。
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 在倫敦的另一個地區，他從兩個與寬街暴發的霍亂有關聯的死亡病例中發現了有力的證據。
A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那裡的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家裡來。
Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.她和她的女兒喝了這種水，都得了霍亂而死去。
With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 有了這個特別的證據，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣佈，這種被汙染了的水攜帶著病菌。
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為了防止這種情況的再度發生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。
The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自來水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被汙染的水了。Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.最終，“霍亂王”被擊敗了。.