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  • 1 # Once~雪糕

      小學英語過去式知識歸納

      一、概念

      表示在的過去某個時間裡所發生的動作或存在的狀態。通常在句子裡找到表示過去時間的詞或片語。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛才),just now(剛才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。

      二、動詞過去式的構成規律

      (一)規則動詞的過去式

      1、一般情況下,在動詞原形後面加-ed;如:look→looked play→playe d;

      2、以不發音e結尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;

      3、以“子音字母+ y”結尾的動詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

      4、以重讀閉音節(即子音+母音+子音)或r音節結尾,末尾只有一個子音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個子音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;

      (二)不規則動詞的過去式(後附不規則動詞變化表)

      1、改變動詞中的母音;

      begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

      2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

      3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

      4、變-ay 為-aid (少數動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

      5、採用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

      6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

      三、句式變化

      (一)一般過去時的一般疑問句

      1、把was, were放在句首,其餘位置不變。由Was…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定答為:Yes,… was. 否定回答為:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定回答為:Yes,… were. 否定回答為:No,… weren’t. 如:

      (1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?

      →Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

      (2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

      →Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

      →Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

      2、在行為動詞的句子中,要用助動詞詞did來引導,其餘的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形。肯定回答為:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:

      John played computer games last night.

      →Did John play computer games last night?

      →Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

      (二)一般過去時的否定句

      1、在表示過去存在的狀態的句子中,相接在was, were的後面加上not。

      如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

      (2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

      2、在表示過去的時間發生的動作的句子中,要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然後把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即:didn’t + 動詞原形。如:

      (1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

      (2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

      (三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句

      1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發生了什麼事情,注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。)

      We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?

      2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發生的地方。)

      They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

      →Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

      3.Who + 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發生的人物。)

      Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

      →Who climbed mountains last weekend?

      四、句子結構

      1、在表示某個時間裡存在的狀態的句子,系動詞用過式was,were構成。如:

      (1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。

      2、在表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作,用動詞的過去式構成。如:

      I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

      3.各種句式

      (1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句:

      主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。

      He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

      (2)一般過去時的否定句:

      a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn"t)

      He didn"t do morning exercises yesterday.

      b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn"t were + not = weren"t)

      He wasn"t an English teacher ten years ago.

      (3)一般過去時的一般疑問句:

      a.Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?

      Did you study English in 1990 ?

      b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?

      Was he a pupil five years ago ?

      (4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句:

      a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?

      Where did your parents live five years ago?

      What did you do last Sunday?

      b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?

      Who was at the zoo yesterday?

      小學英語動詞過去式變化規則

      1、一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

      2、結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

      3、末尾只有一個母音字母和一個子音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫末尾的子音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

      4、以“子音字母+y”結尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studie

      不規則動詞的過去式的構成

      1.把動詞原形中的 i 改為a,變成過去式。如:

      begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam

      2.把重讀開音節中的 i 改為o,變成過去式。如:

      drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote

      3.改動詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過去式。如:

      draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(動詞show除外,show—showed)

      4.動詞原形中的e改為o,變成過去式。如:

      get—got,forget—forgot

      5.動詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。如:

      feed—fed,meet—met

      6.動詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過去式。如:

      keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept

      7.動詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過去式。如:

      break—broke,speak—spoke

      8.動詞原形中的ell 改為old,變成過去式。如:

      sell—sold,tell—told

      9.動詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如:

      stand—stood,understand—understood

      10.以ought和aught結尾,且讀音是〔 :t〕的過去式。如:

      bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught

      11.以ould結尾且讀音為〔ud〕的情態動詞過去式。如:

      can—could,shall—should,will—would

      12.把動詞原形中的o改為a,變成過去式。如:

      come—came,become—became

      13.在動詞原形後加d或t變成過去式,並且發生音變。如:

      hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕

      14.動詞的過去式與動詞原形一樣。如:

      let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕

      15.不符合上述規律的動詞過去式。如:

      am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,

      find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,

      make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took

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