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  • 1 # 唐玉英語工作室

    英語中的所謂“獨立結構”,不過是從句的簡化形式,為的是在不影響把意思表達清楚的前提下,使句子結構簡練,緊湊。例如:

    Lying on the coach, the boy fell asleep.

    簡化之前為:

    While he was lying on the coach, the boy fell asleep.

    再如:

    We have divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.

    簡化之前為:

    We have divided the work: he is to clean the windows and I am to sweep the floor.

  • 2 # 英語語法實驗室

    題主說的獨立結構,準確地說應該是“獨立主格結構”,這可以稱得上是英語中最難的語法了。但不用怕,我用一句話就能幫你掌握這個最難語法的用法。

    獨立主格結構=省略了with的with複合結構。

    首先來看一下with複合結構的用法:with複合機構=with+賓語(名詞代詞)+賓補。賓補即賓語補足語,補充說明前面賓語的特徵或所做的動作。作賓補的通常為以下6種。

    我用以上6種賓補構建了一個完整的語境,想象一位過度操勞疲憊不堪在洗衣服時睡著了的母親:

    With all the clothes washed, (所有衣服被洗完了)

    with the water running,(水在流淌著)

    with other housework to do, (還有其他家務要去做)

    with the door open, (門開著)

    with the light on, (燈也開著)

    with a bar of soap in her hand, (手裡還握著塊肥皂)

    the tired mother fell asleep.(那位疲憊的母親睡著了)

    把with複合結構中的with去掉,就構成了獨立主格結構。

    比如The clothes washed, the tired mother fell asleep.

    為什麼叫獨立主格呢?

    這是因為,使用非謂語動詞等形式作狀語,可以起到連線逗號隔開的前後兩個句子的作用,但是前後兩個句子的主語要保持一致。

    文章連結:

    https://www.toutiao.com/i6514779629822149127/

    例句:

    Seeing the city on the top of the mountain, we find the city looks like a fish.

    (我們)在山頂上看城市,我們發現這座城市看起來像一條魚。

    Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a fish.

    (城市)從山頂上被看時,城市像一條魚。

    而上面這個句子,The clothes washed, the tired mother fell asleep.使用了非謂語動詞washed來連線前後兩個句子。但是前面句子的主語是“衣服”,而後面句子的主語是“疲憊的母親”。也就是使用了非謂語動詞的部分有自己獨立的主語,這就叫獨立主格。

    以下是更多獨立主格機構的例句,各位可以還原with後理解和感受。

    Weather permitting, I will go swimming tomorrow.

    天氣允許的話,我明天將去游泳。

  • 3 # 蟲蟲講英語

    01. 主語獨立、去連(接)詞

    「獨立主格結構」與「分詞作狀語」的區別在於:

    在上節課中,我們剛講到現在分詞(doing)和過去分詞(done)作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件等。使用原則是:主、從句主語一致,並可以與when,if,though 等連線詞連用。如:

    而在「獨立主格結構」中:1)主格(可以理解為“主語”)是獨立的,也就是說,獨立主格結構的主語不用依賴主句,它自己就有主語,跟主句的主語不一樣;

    2)不帶連(接)詞。蟲子之所以寫成“連(接)詞”,是因為 and,so 等連線並列句的,稱“連詞”;而 what, that,how,who 等連線從句的詞,我們習慣性叫做“連線詞”。

    02. 四大功能

    獨立主格結構有4個常用的功能,分別是表時間、條件、原因,和伴隨;我們用“十(時)條鷹(因)伴隨”來記;接下來,蟲子將在每種功能下列出幾個例句,請大家留心例句中獨立主格的構成方式。

    ⚠️ 接下來,我們將分別對以上功能進行改裝。此處有3個改裝原則,請牢記:

    1)對於獨立主格結構的主語和動作,主動關係用 doing(現在分詞)、被動關係用 done(過去分詞)。有時候,一些固定搭配看起來像被動語態,實際上不含被動意義,如:be tired of, be filled with 等;

    2)being,having been 一般省略,除了2種特殊情況,蟲子寫在04 Part;

    3)連(接)詞扔掉。

    @ 表時間

    解析:在獨立主格結構中,連線詞 when 丟掉;the class was over,可改裝為:the class being over,但正常情況下,being/ having been 可以省略不寫。剩下部分照搬。

    下面這句,你來把它變成獨立主格結構:

    When dinner was finished, they didn’t offer to help me clean.飽飯過後,他們沒人提出幫我收拾。

    @ 表條件

    解析:連線詞 if 丟掉;weather permits, 主動關係,動詞 permit 改成非謂語形式的 doing。剩下部分照搬。

    到你了:

    If all things are considered, he is just not that into you.綜合考慮的話,他沒有那麼喜歡你啦。

    @ 表原因

    注:獨立主格結構中,如果出現否定,not 要提前;“小黃車還沒有退他的押金”,1)ofo至今未退押金;2)這件事對他現在也產生了影響:他很不爽。現在完成時變獨立主格結構,改為 having done 即可:hasn’t released → not having released。此外,連詞 because 丟掉。

    到你:

    Dad didn’t take his medicine, so Mom started chattering on about it.老爸沒有吃藥,媽媽開啟了叨逼叨模式。

    注:didn’t take 只是簡單的一般過去時,不涉及完成時,因此改裝的時候不必小心翼翼,否定 not 提前,主動關係,後接 doing 即可。didn’t take → not taking。

    @ 表伴隨

    注:wide 在本句中作副詞,指“(睜得)很大”,修飾睜著眼這個動作:She opened her eyes wide → Her eyes were opened wide. 改裝為獨立主格結構,were 丟掉,只留下過去分詞 opened,剩下照搬,即:her eyes opened wide.

    你:

    He read books, while his wife sewed by his side.他看書,他老婆在旁邊縫衣服。03. 三大結構

    以上,我們講了獨立主格結構“十條鷹伴隨”的功能,在這部分,我們大致看看獨立主格結構的三種結構:

    蟲子認為,這三種結構大家都能記牢是最好的;如果實在記不全,想辦法弄懂獨立主格結構的改裝規律(見 02 Part),有時間再多看看例句。

    04. 特殊情況

    1)在以下兩種結構中,being,having been 不可以省略:

    > > It be… 結構

    It being Christmas, the stores are playing Jingle Bells.

    It having been raining for days, I seem to have run out of dry panties.

    > > There be… 結構

    There being no taxi, we had to walk home.

    2)一些固定搭配,本身是可以獨立存在的分詞短語,背下就對了:

    > > to do

    To make matters worse, the employees are banned from buying iPhones.

    更糟的是,(企業)禁止員工購買蘋果手機。

    > > doing

    Supposing the bride doesn’t show up, what shall we do?

    假如新娘不出現的話,我們咋辦?

    Considering that he is a kid, we won’t let him get away!

    (考慮到)他還只是孩子,千萬不要放過他!

    05. 課後練習

    建議拿出小本本,把你的答案寫下來;做完再統一核對。蟲子在其中混了幾個難題,等下會給出詳細解析(要等大家做題後再解析,這樣大家記得更牢;講解中還會出現新的相關重點,牆裂建議大家認真做題,仔細核對答案)。

    1) ______ Sunday, I shall have a nice day at home.

    A. There being B. It being C. It is

    2) With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager is having a hard time.

    A. to settle B. settled C. to be settled

    3) Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to be given another chance.

    A. to take B. to be taken C. taken

    4) The man stood under a tree, ______.

    A. a pipe in mouth

    B. with a pipe in mouth

    C. pipe in mouth

    5) The beggar stood there, ______ .

    A. with back against the wall

    B. with his back against the wall

    C. his back was against the wall

    6) The boy stood before the roasted duck, his eyes ______ on it and his mouth ______.

    A. were fixed, was watered

    B. fixed, watering

    C. fixed, watered

    7) ______, I had to do her work instead.

    A. She was ill

    B. Her being ill

    C. She being ill

    8) The lecture ______, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.

    A. began B. beginning C. having begun

    後·臺·回·復:獨立主格

    06. 總結

    > > 獨立主格結構與分詞作狀語的區別:

    > > 3個改裝原則:

    1)主動用 doing,被動用 done;

    2)being,having been等常省略;

    3)去掉連(接)詞。

    > > 4個功能,分別為表示時間、條件、原因,以及表示伴隨狀態(時、條、因、伴隨),用“十條鷹伴隨”記憶。

    > > 3種結構

    > > 在以下兩種結構中,being,having been 不可以省略:

    1)It be… 結構

    2)There be… 結構

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