雅思大作文段落理由的展開其實比較簡單，大概有以下幾種方式：舉例展開，解釋展開，因果展開，對比展開，讓步展開，反面論證等常見的方式。這些方式可以組合使用，如果長段子論證能力好，一個段落用這些方式論證一個分論點就好。如果覺得展開幾句話後難以繼續，可以在一個段落裡面並列兩個分論點，這樣就比較容易。後者往往是我們中國學生喜歡的方式，橫向展開。

雅思寫作是許多雅思考生最為頭疼的，同時也是得分最不理想的一個部分。在寫作實戰中，考生遇到的問題往往有以下幾種：

一、時間不充足。很多考生在寫作中手忙腳亂，不知從何處下手，思緒無法集中，因而時間不夠用，導致寫作任務無法完成，由此導致失分嚴重。

二、字數不夠，尤其是大作文。很多考生的寫作過程可謂是非常痛苦，因為他們就是在想方設法硬湊字數，可想過程是過麼辛苦加痛苦。即使字數夠了，在這種情況下擠牙膏似的擠出來的文章質量能又能有多高呢。考生根本不會考慮到文章的結構和邏輯，更不會有一氣呵成，行雲流水般的美感了。

三、在寫作過程中思緒萬千，洋洋灑灑寫了許多，但是卻不能得高分，因為考生在寫的過程中是想到什麼就寫什麼，更有甚者是一句話可能會來來回回重複幾次。他們根本不知道雅思寫作的特點，不知道如何安排文章的結構，如何提出論點，如何論證，如何展開段落，因而整片文章就像一盤散沙，會存在論點不明確、論證論據缺乏力度、結構邏輯混亂等問題。

雅思大作文要求在40分鐘內完成250字的寫作，對於大部分中國考生來說，還是比較困難的，因為不管是在中學還是在大學，他們遇到的英文寫作一般都是120字，大學英語六級也只有150字。因此，考生們覺得很難高質量地完成250字的英文寫作也是情理之中。筆者認為，造成這個問題的主要原因是考生們不知如何展開段落，如何提出觀點，然後進行論證。雅思大作文一般分為開頭段、主體段和結論段。其中，開頭段和結論段所佔字數較少，而且寫起來相對容易。而主體段字數較多，寫起來要複雜的多。可以說，主體段的寫作直接關係著能否滿足字數要求，而且也最能體現文章的邏輯性。

主體段落一般由主題句和擴充套件句構成。主題句一般放在第一句，是段落核心，用來概括全段內容。主題句分為籠統主題句和具體主題句。籠統主體句的作用是引出下文，點明方向，具體主題句則概況下面內容的核心主題。僅有主題觀點是不夠的，還要對其進行論證，也就是圍繞主題進行論證，對其進行說明、敘述、舉例及論述。

一、舉例項論證

有些考生在開頭提出觀點之後，就不知道該如何繼續下去。這種情況下，考生可以舉例項論證，舉例是我們解釋論證一個觀點最好的方式，也是最有說服力的。

Although sticking to one’s goal is key to success, sometimes one should be ready to give up. Napoleon’s story is a case in point. After Napoleon succeeded in seizing the crown of France, he should have been satisfied with his achievement. But he did not. He went on to conquer the whole Europe. Then after he succeeded in ruling almost the whole Europe, he should have given up this ambition to expanding his empire. But he did not. He went on to invade Russia and there he suffered a total defeat. Later he was sent into exile and died in a lonely island.

本段引用了拿破崙的事蹟來加以論證。拿破崙是家喻戶曉的人物，而且最後決定拿破崙及其帝國命運的滑鐵盧戰役也是大家都知曉的。透過這個例子來說明在適當的時候學會放棄是很有說服力的。在舉例時，最好選擇一些大家都知曉的，這樣才能更有說服力。當然考生也可以用自己的親身經歷來加以論證。

The second reason for my propensity for outdoor activities is that they can build my mind greatly. In sports, one must learn to struggle for the victory, learn to fight with no matter what is left in his body. And one must learn to stick to one’s own confidence and hope, no matter how little the hope may be. And one must learn to accept failure, learn to start again after failure. Long-running and mountain climbing contribute much to this kind of spirits. I will never forget the feeling when I raced to the final line first in a 300-meter running. I could hardly breathe in the last 100 meters. My lungs ached and my legs weighed tons, but there was still one runner in front of me. I gave all my strength to move one foot ahead of the other. When I surpassed him, he gave a cry of surprise, I won at last and I learned much from the race.

文章在提出主題句後，先是加以論述，然後用長跑和爬山作為例子。最後又用自己的親身經歷和感受來論證室外活動可以增強一個人的毅力。

二、用一些研究、調查、發現、科學家及權威人士的觀點或組織機構的研究結果加以論證，並引用資料作為支撐。此論證方法的好處就是比較權威客觀，更有說服力。

If people move to live in different places, they will have more opportunity for improving their lives. According to a survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 55% of urban Chinese had changed their living place at least once in their lifetime by 2000, an increase of 30 percent as compared with that of 2 decades ago. Chinese sociologists agree that this trend is most likely to continue with the development society. Statistics indicate that people who moved at least once in their lifetime enjoy a much higher living standard than those who never moved.

本段先是引用中科院的調查資料加以論證，然後用某些專家和資料繼續加以論證。有一點值得注意，很多考生並不知道真實的資料，考試中往往是自己的發明創造。所以沒有把握的情況下，儘量不要去寫那些眾所周知的人或者機構，可以模糊地用某個機構或某個學者，資料上也千萬不要太誇張，只要能達到有力夠論證自己的觀點即可。

三、透過比較和對比方式來論證，這樣兩個事物、行為或者觀點的利弊就非常明顯。

Those who believe in the measure say that students benefit a lot from traveling or working for a year before their formal university education. First, they can more broadly acquainted themselves with the society, deepen their understanding of the outside world, and thus better coordinate their objectives of learning with the needs of the society. In contrast, by immediate entrance to university they can not steer the direction of their study well and may display a poor combination of the theory with practice. Second, study at high school is really exhausting, especially when to win college admission. So it is necessary to grant these children a relatively long period of relaxation or buffer, say, traveling or working for a year, to loosen the chords of their brain, so that when they go back to school later again, they can become completely refreshed and rejuvenated.

這篇文章是關於上大學前是否應該用一年的時間來旅遊或者工作進行論證。此段的主題是學生在進入大學學習之前花一年時間進行旅遊或工作的話，會讓他們受益匪淺。對比點是：進入大學之前一年進行旅遊或工作有利於讓學生廣泛瞭解社會，加深他們對外界的理解，因此能讓他們更好地協調好學習目標和社會的需要。相對比之下，直接進入大學學習的話，他們不能夠把握學習的方向，而且有可能會產生理論和實踐相脫節。透過此番對比，旅遊或工作一年對於即將步入大學的學生們的好處是顯而易見，段落的主題句得到有力的論證。

四、透過假設進行正反論述。

Then, since the transportation system is the lifeline of a country’s economic activities, its paralysis would lead to the disintegration of the economy, either industry of farming or daylife. Suppose all the means of transportation were halted for lack of oil, factories with insufficient raw materials would have to close, workers would be out of work, and ripe farm crops would have to stay in the fields at the mercy of rain and storms. People would try to store food and the price of all commodities would go up. If we take those power stations run by oil into account, situations would become even worse. In this sense, oil decides the fate of the whole economy and that of the government.

透過假設得出了一系列的可怕的後果，最後再得出結論，這樣的結論是發人深省，當然也是最能引起人們廣泛重視的。

五、換種說法，換而言之。

The computer technology has no doubt at all replaced most of function, that is, we can read books from the academic database; newspapers and publishes from almost everywhere, this means that we do not need many hard copies and environment friendly for the earth. However I am not so much convinced that public libraries can replace other functions that we need other than providing information or books.

換而言之就是換種方式去解釋，使解釋更加具體直觀話，因而更能被理解並接受。