Meidaizhao formerly known as Ling Jue temple, after the Shou Ling temple. The national key cultural relics protection units, in the north of Beijing Tibet expressway, East about 50 kilometers away from Baotou City Donghe District meidaizhao Cun, tumed right banner. Meidaizhao four angle building has extended about 11 meters of the pier, with turrets. Enter the Taihe door, the face is the "main hall", it is the Lamaism an important Dharma centre were introduced to Mongolia. [1] temple built around the walls, the earth building stone built package, a rectangular plane, the circumference of 681 meters, a total area of about 4000 square meters.
Ming Longqing years (1567 - 1572), Lord Altan Khan was Tumote Mongolia Department of the king of Shunyi, the city was built in Tumochuan temple. Wanli three years (AD 1575) the first city temple built, the court gave the name Fu Hua cheng. Tibet Maidalihutuke figure in Wanli thirty-four years for this mission, so they called the Maidali temple, temple or meidaizhao Mai vigorously.
Building distribution
Edit
Meidaizhao Yishanbangshui, more in building
Meidaizhao
Meidaizhao [2]
Unique style. It is the imitation of the Han, Mongolian and Tibetan style fusion built, is a "Temple City with people living Buddha," the Lama temple. The total area is about 4000 square meters, the temple has a large number of murals, such as the main hall, Shakya Muni historical murals and murals depicting Mongolia noble Buddha scenes are intact. [3]
After the renovation of the meidaizhao gates, simple and elegant, although no Tibetan Buddhist temples around the prayer flags fluttering, but the construction site, or through a pattern of Shamanism charm. [4-5]
Meidaizhao as "capital" is Daming Jinguo, Alatan Khan and three lady"s "imperial", also is the holy land of Tibetan Buddhism Lamaism passed an important Dharma centre, Mongolia period, it is a "Temple City with people living Buddha," the Lama Temple, in the study of Ming Dynasty, the history of Buddhism, history of Mongolia architectural history, art history, has a certain value. [3-4] [6-8]
Meidaizhao building surrounded by a high thick walls, Dunhou strong, can withstand the assault troops artillery and cavalry. The whole city slightly rectangular, 4 meters high wall, the circumference of 681 meters, four corner towers. Temple murals on the walls, vivid, have a very high artistic value. The south wall of median open gates, and built a tower, the gate is embedded with the Ming Dynasty temple stone plaque expansion time, the title of "Taihe gate". Worship the Buddha Hall in the city, the Mountain Gate plaque title of "imperial map to consolidate, Emperor Xianning Road, the peoples Leye, Sihai clarification" of the sentence, inscribed "Daming Jin", very special. [2]
The ancient city of. Is a not very rules of the city, the south gate is Front Gate. The wall of rammed earth building stone layer outsourcing, Gates has built on this road inside the walls, built Xie Shan top two building three eaves tower gate table (1985 in the original type Shengjian). Taihe door old in 1606, later than the letter of the king of Shunyi for 35 years, Altan Khan died after 25 years in the city was founded, 40 years earlier than the Taihe gate, the main building faces south called in. [9]
The main hall. From entry miankuo 3 Zhongyan two floor. South Hall after hall, North Hall Fodian three color even one, three the top of the temple are Xieshan, sutra Hall East, West, South on three sides by white Tibetan brick phase Wai, constitutes a Sino Tibetan with the construction body. West wall painted a set of permitted lower aristocratic Mongolia Buddha figure.
Taihe gate. The south wall is opened in the center of Taihe door, into the main entrance. The gate building with medial Ma Road, city gate station built Xie Shan top two buildings three canopy tower (1985 in the original type rehabilitation). Taihe gate was built in 1606, the ancient city was built as early as 40 years Taihe gate. [9] door plaque title of "imperial map to consolidate, Emperor Xianning, peoples Leye, Sihai clarification", inscribed "Da Ming jin". [3]
Glass house. Xie Shan three layer pavilions FSP type Hall, miankuo three, because the covered with glazed Wang Yongmin valley called glaze temple or the three floor, surrounded by pillars 20 Lang. There is a small White Pagoda Temple West front. The stone steps left side hall in a palace known as the two temple, East View Temple West Xin Buddha temple. Glazed Dianqian Mammon Temple site, after the God of public office base. [9]
Temple of the God of wealth. The temple is located in the glass, is the only base. [9]
But spring temple. The Tibetan style two story building, transfer to the Tibet to Mongolia missionary Mai vigorously Buddha housing, located in the central axis of the first, the roof has Falun, twin, the golden rays of the sun. Designated date for the tantric places, weekday closing. [9]
Buddha palace. This wish in Qing Dynasty no Temple Buddha, Buddha called here for the cruise to live. The main room three (hard top, before the eave column), between the west the original wood wall separated, as the living Buddha of the bedroom, the 2 things penthouse (Ying Shanding), the living Buddha with staff at this. [9]
The octagonal temple. Originally a tall pyramidal this pavilion, octagonal pavilion base, add after the wall for the temple. [9]
West million Luodian. In Tuo angle West Temple, Buddha Buddha million, Dongcheng wall had a Dong Wan permitted, so called West Buddha hall. Hard top, front eaves column. [9]
The empress Temple (three lady Temple main hall): located in the northeast, is with a surrounding pillars mourning hall building, Zhong Yan Xie shanding. Miankuo 5, into the deep 5, inside area of only 3, the south wall of median and open the door, no windows. The legend is the three lady of the dead. The original hall 1 meters high covered bowl sandalwood Wooden Pagoda, was dismantled in 1966, demolition parties know Palace of the Earth tower, Palace of the Earth in the possession of human ashes 1 pack, comb 3, 6 hanging beads, triangular silver negative box 1, diamond ear of 2 vice. [9] empress temple, have drawn in the Ming Dynasty Murals, Mongolia fashion figure in the picture like, there are legends as Altan Khan and the three lady"s portrait, is unique in Inner Mongolia called temple murals. [3]
Darai temple. The empress temple located in North, northeast corner of the courtyard within the walls of an independent. The main house is two layer of hard Hill building, the edges are ashamed of something real, Chuan
展開全部
Meidaizhao formerly known as Ling Jue temple, after the Shou Ling temple. The national key cultural relics protection units, in the north of Beijing Tibet expressway, East about 50 kilometers away from Baotou City Donghe District meidaizhao Cun, tumed right banner. Meidaizhao four angle building has extended about 11 meters of the pier, with turrets. Enter the Taihe door, the face is the "main hall", it is the Lamaism an important Dharma centre were introduced to Mongolia. [1] temple built around the walls, the earth building stone built package, a rectangular plane, the circumference of 681 meters, a total area of about 4000 square meters.
Ming Longqing years (1567 - 1572), Lord Altan Khan was Tumote Mongolia Department of the king of Shunyi, the city was built in Tumochuan temple. Wanli three years (AD 1575) the first city temple built, the court gave the name Fu Hua cheng. Tibet Maidalihutuke figure in Wanli thirty-four years for this mission, so they called the Maidali temple, temple or meidaizhao Mai vigorously.
Building distribution
Edit
Meidaizhao Yishanbangshui, more in building
Meidaizhao
Meidaizhao [2]
Unique style. It is the imitation of the Han, Mongolian and Tibetan style fusion built, is a "Temple City with people living Buddha," the Lama temple. The total area is about 4000 square meters, the temple has a large number of murals, such as the main hall, Shakya Muni historical murals and murals depicting Mongolia noble Buddha scenes are intact. [3]
After the renovation of the meidaizhao gates, simple and elegant, although no Tibetan Buddhist temples around the prayer flags fluttering, but the construction site, or through a pattern of Shamanism charm. [4-5]
Meidaizhao as "capital" is Daming Jinguo, Alatan Khan and three lady"s "imperial", also is the holy land of Tibetan Buddhism Lamaism passed an important Dharma centre, Mongolia period, it is a "Temple City with people living Buddha," the Lama Temple, in the study of Ming Dynasty, the history of Buddhism, history of Mongolia architectural history, art history, has a certain value. [3-4] [6-8]
Meidaizhao building surrounded by a high thick walls, Dunhou strong, can withstand the assault troops artillery and cavalry. The whole city slightly rectangular, 4 meters high wall, the circumference of 681 meters, four corner towers. Temple murals on the walls, vivid, have a very high artistic value. The south wall of median open gates, and built a tower, the gate is embedded with the Ming Dynasty temple stone plaque expansion time, the title of "Taihe gate". Worship the Buddha Hall in the city, the Mountain Gate plaque title of "imperial map to consolidate, Emperor Xianning Road, the peoples Leye, Sihai clarification" of the sentence, inscribed "Daming Jin", very special. [2]
The ancient city of. Is a not very rules of the city, the south gate is Front Gate. The wall of rammed earth building stone layer outsourcing, Gates has built on this road inside the walls, built Xie Shan top two building three eaves tower gate table (1985 in the original type Shengjian). Taihe door old in 1606, later than the letter of the king of Shunyi for 35 years, Altan Khan died after 25 years in the city was founded, 40 years earlier than the Taihe gate, the main building faces south called in. [9]
The main hall. From entry miankuo 3 Zhongyan two floor. South Hall after hall, North Hall Fodian three color even one, three the top of the temple are Xieshan, sutra Hall East, West, South on three sides by white Tibetan brick phase Wai, constitutes a Sino Tibetan with the construction body. West wall painted a set of permitted lower aristocratic Mongolia Buddha figure.
Taihe gate. The south wall is opened in the center of Taihe door, into the main entrance. The gate building with medial Ma Road, city gate station built Xie Shan top two buildings three canopy tower (1985 in the original type rehabilitation). Taihe gate was built in 1606, the ancient city was built as early as 40 years Taihe gate. [9] door plaque title of "imperial map to consolidate, Emperor Xianning, peoples Leye, Sihai clarification", inscribed "Da Ming jin". [3]
Glass house. Xie Shan three layer pavilions FSP type Hall, miankuo three, because the covered with glazed Wang Yongmin valley called glaze temple or the three floor, surrounded by pillars 20 Lang. There is a small White Pagoda Temple West front. The stone steps left side hall in a palace known as the two temple, East View Temple West Xin Buddha temple. Glazed Dianqian Mammon Temple site, after the God of public office base. [9]
Temple of the God of wealth. The temple is located in the glass, is the only base. [9]
But spring temple. The Tibetan style two story building, transfer to the Tibet to Mongolia missionary Mai vigorously Buddha housing, located in the central axis of the first, the roof has Falun, twin, the golden rays of the sun. Designated date for the tantric places, weekday closing. [9]
Buddha palace. This wish in Qing Dynasty no Temple Buddha, Buddha called here for the cruise to live. The main room three (hard top, before the eave column), between the west the original wood wall separated, as the living Buddha of the bedroom, the 2 things penthouse (Ying Shanding), the living Buddha with staff at this. [9]
The octagonal temple. Originally a tall pyramidal this pavilion, octagonal pavilion base, add after the wall for the temple. [9]
West million Luodian. In Tuo angle West Temple, Buddha Buddha million, Dongcheng wall had a Dong Wan permitted, so called West Buddha hall. Hard top, front eaves column. [9]
The empress Temple (three lady Temple main hall): located in the northeast, is with a surrounding pillars mourning hall building, Zhong Yan Xie shanding. Miankuo 5, into the deep 5, inside area of only 3, the south wall of median and open the door, no windows. The legend is the three lady of the dead. The original hall 1 meters high covered bowl sandalwood Wooden Pagoda, was dismantled in 1966, demolition parties know Palace of the Earth tower, Palace of the Earth in the possession of human ashes 1 pack, comb 3, 6 hanging beads, triangular silver negative box 1, diamond ear of 2 vice. [9] empress temple, have drawn in the Ming Dynasty Murals, Mongolia fashion figure in the picture like, there are legends as Altan Khan and the three lady"s portrait, is unique in Inner Mongolia called temple murals. [3]
Darai temple. The empress temple located in North, northeast corner of the courtyard within the walls of an independent. The main house is two layer of hard Hill building, the edges are ashamed of something real, Chuan
美岱召原名靈覺寺，後改壽靈寺。全國重點文物保護單位，在京藏高速公路的北側，東距包頭市東河區約50公里的土默特右旗美岱召村。美岱召四角築有外伸約11米的墩臺，上有角樓。進入泰和門，迎面就是“大雄寶殿”，它是喇嘛教傳入蒙古的一個重要的弘法中心。[1] 寺周圍築有圍牆，土築石塊包砌，平面呈長方形，周長681米，總面積約4000平方米。
明隆慶年間（1567—1572），土默特蒙古部主阿勒坦汗受封順義王，在土默川上始建城寺。萬曆三年（公元1575年）建成的第一座城寺，朝廷賜名福化城。西藏邁達裡胡圖克圖於萬曆三十四年來此傳教，所以又叫做邁達裡廟、邁大力廟或美岱召。
建築分佈
編輯
美岱召依山傍水，在建築上更有
美岱召
美岱召[2]
獨特的風格。它是仿中原漢式，融合蒙藏風格而建，是一座“城寺結合，人佛共居”的喇嘛廟。總面積約4000平方米，寺內有大量的壁畫，如大雄寶殿內釋迦牟尼歷史壁畫及描繪蒙古貴族拜佛的場面的壁畫都完好無損。[3]
經過修繕的美岱召城門，古樸典雅，雖說沒有藏傳佛教寺院四周的經幡飄動，但是建築選址、格局還是透著黃教韻味。[4-5]
美岱召作為大明金國“都城”，是阿拉坦汗和三娘子的“皇城”，又是喇嘛教傳入蒙古時期的一個重要弘法中心、藏傳佛教聖地，它是一座“城寺結合，人佛共居”的喇嘛廟，在研究明代蒙古史、佛教史、建築史、美術史上均有一定價值。[3-4] [6-8]
美岱召四周築有高厚的城牆，敦厚結實，可以抵禦軍隊的炮彈和騎兵的突襲。整個城池略呈長方形，牆高約4米，周長681米，四角建有角樓。佛殿牆壁上的壁畫，生動逼真，有很高的藝術價值。南牆正中開設城門，並建有城樓，城門上嵌有明代擴建寺廟時刻的石匾額，上題“泰和門”。供奉佛像的殿堂就在城內，山門匾額題有“皇圖鞏固，帝道咸寧，萬民樂業，四海澄清”之句，落款為“大明金國”，頗為特別。[2]
古城。是一座不太規則的方城，南門是正門。牆土夯層築外包石塊，城門內側築有馬道由此登上城牆，城門臺上築歇山式頂二樓三簷城樓（ 1985 年依原式生建）。泰和門起古老於 1606 年，晚於封順義王 35 年，阿勒坦汗逝後之 25 年在，古城始建早於泰和門 40 多年，召內主要建築坐北朝南。[9]
大雄寶殿。由入門面闊 3 間重簷兩樓。南廳經堂、北廳佛殿三者色連一體，三殿頂均是歇山式，經堂東、西、南三面由白色藏式磚牆相圍，構成了漢藏結合的建築體。佛殿西壁下部繪一組蒙古貴族禮佛圖。
泰和門。南城牆中央開有泰和門，為正門。城門內側築有馬道，城門臺上建有歇山式頂二樓三簷城樓（1985 年依原式復建）。泰和門建於1606年，古城始建早於泰和門40餘年。[9] 門上的匾額題有“皇圖鞏固，帝道咸寧，萬民樂業，四海澄清”，落款為“大明金國”。[3]
琉璃殿。歇山式三層樓閣全漢式殿堂，面闊三間，因覆有琉璃王永民谷稱琉璃殿或三層樓，四周廊柱 20 榔。殿門西前方有一座小白塔。石階下左右配殿俗稱兩廊廟，東為觀間廟西為莘菩薩廟。琉璃殿前有財神廟基址，後為公爺府基址。[9]
財神廟。位於琉璃殿前，現僅存基址。[9]
乃春廟。藏式二層建築，傳為西藏來蒙古傳教的麥大力活佛住房，位於中軸線之首，房頂有法輪，雙臥，金光四射。劃日為密宗要地，平日關閉。[9]
佛爺府。本如願在清代無駐寺活佛，此處供巡行活佛來召時居住。主房三間（硬山頂，前有簷柱），西間原有木扇牆隔開，為活佛臥室，東西耳房各 2 間（硬山頂），活佛隨 員下榻於此。[9]
八角廟。原為重簷攢尖的這亭，亭基八角，後添牆作廟。[9]
西萬倮殿。位於侂角廟西，萬佛言佛之多，東城牆外曾有座東萬佛殿，所以稱西佛殿。硬山頂，前有簷柱。[9]
太后廟（三娘子廟）：位於大雄寶殿東北方，是帶圍廊柱的靈堂建築，重簷歇山頂。面闊5間，進深5間，堂內面積僅有3間，南牆正中開門，無窗。傳說是三娘子的靈堂。殿內原有高1米的覆缽式檀香木塔，1966年被拆除，拆除時方知塔下有地宮，地宮內藏有人骨灰1包，木梳3把，念珠6掛，三角形鍍銀負藥盒1個，鑽石耳附2副。[9] 太后廟內，有明代繪製的壁畫，畫面中蒙古服飾人物像中，有傳說為俺答汗及三娘子的畫像，為內蒙古召廟壁畫中獨有。[3]
達賴廟。位於太后廟北，城牆內東北隅一獨立小院。主房為二層硬山式小樓，東西各四邊有恥房，傳為達賴三世曾居此。[9]
召外山上寶豐塔（直徑 3 米，高 4 米）。召後主恬稱寶豐山，八面牆覆鍋式磚塔外塗白色，俗稱白塔。本召建築多為漢式，原琉璃殿、萬佛殿、兩廊廟所供佛像與漢地佛教相同。[9]
，土默特蒙古部主阿勒坦汗受封順義王，在土默川上始建城寺。明萬曆三年（公元1575年）建成的第一座城寺，取名靈覺寺，後改壽靈寺。朝廷賜名福化城。活佛邁達裡胡圖克圖志在弘傳佛教，願將釋迦牟尼創立的一代大教獻給生於斯、養於斯的於家鄉父老。明萬曆三十四年（公元1606年）他來到了草原此傳教，主持壽靈寺的宗教活動。由於他的業績明顯，歸化者眾多，為了紀念他的成就，這座寺名也被人們稱之為邁達裡廟、邁大力廟或美岱召。[3] [11-12]
據史料記載，美岱召始建於明朝慶隆年間（公元1567年—1572年），土默特蒙古部主阿拉坦汗受封順義王，在土默川上始建城寺。萬曆三年（公元1575年），建成的第一座城寺取名靈覺寺，後改壽靈寺，朝廷賜名福化城。西藏邁達裡胡圖克圖於萬曆三十四年來此傳教，所以又叫做邁達裡廟、邁大力廟或美岱召。[4]
與王昭君一樣，阿拉坦汗去世後，三
三娘子殿
三娘子殿[10]
娘子又按照古代北方民族遺留下來的“收繼婚制”習俗，三次下嫁給阿拉坦汗子孫輩的順義王，維繫了土默特部長達40年的安定局面。明廷在萬曆十五年（公元1587年）封她為忠順夫人。[8]
順義王家族世代居住的樓院在城內深處，為三層樓房，在“文革”浩劫中，由於將這座樓房殿宇充當了糧庫，才使樓殿免於一劫，但殿內文物典籍失遺許多。[4]
在城內東北方，有一座重歇山頂式建築，這就是“太后廟”，亦稱“三娘子廟”。廟裡的檀香木塔，儲放著三娘子骨灰。[4]
仰望美岱召後的陰山，半腰上有一座險峻的山峰，上面高高地聳立著一座醒目的白塔。據土默特右旗副旗長楊二喜介紹，那座山峰叫寶峰山，山上的白塔裡祭有阿拉坦汗的骨灰。作為一代梟雄的阿拉坦汗，去世後最先是土葬。後來三世達賴喇嘛來內蒙古草原講經時，起出阿拉坦汗的屍骨，進行了隆重的火葬儀式，並在寶峰山上建塔安置骨灰。[4]
美岱召風景
美岱召風景(11張)
革命戰爭時期，烏蘭夫、王若飛等革命家都以美岱召為掩護，在這裡開展過革命鬥爭。至今，美岱召裡還存有烏蘭夫革命鬥爭遺址，被地方政府建為愛國主義教育基地。[4]
國家文物局為了保護美岱召內的文物，將投資2300萬元對城牆各段和殿內彩繪進行了維修。土默特右旗政府也高度重視美岱召的規劃和開發，投資1．04億元建設了佔地6萬平方米的廣場和博物館，提升了美岱召旅遊接待量。[4]
直接用百度翻譯