動詞的現在分詞形式，主要用於構成動詞的現在進行時，做伴隨狀語，做定語等。詳細講解如下

通常來說現在分詞有下列七種用法

（一）作定語

1. 動詞現在分詞單獨作定語，通常放在所修飾詞前。例如：

The sleeping boy is Tom.

2. 現在分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞的後面，意思同定語從句差不多。例如 ：

Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.

3. 現在分詞可相當於非限制性定語，常用逗號分開。例如：

Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.

4. 有時現在分詞可以和副詞或名詞構成複合詞作定語。例如：

This is an English-speaking country.

（二）作表語

現在分詞作表語多表示主語的特徵。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：

The story is moving.

（三）現在分詞在句中作賓語補足語，這時現在分詞和前面的賓語有邏輯上的“主表”關係或“主謂”關係。例如：

We all found his equipment interesting. (主表關係)

I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主謂關係)

（四）作狀語

現在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語一般是句中的主語，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名詞或代詞主格作邏輯主語。

1. 作原因狀語，相當於原因狀語從句。例如：

Being ill, Mary didn"t come to school yesterday.

2. 作時間狀語，相當於時間狀語從句。例如：

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.

如果現在分詞表示的動作與謂語表示的動作同時發生，常在現在分詞前加上when或while。例如：

While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.

3. 作條件狀語。

V-ing 形式作條件狀語時，相當於一個條件狀語從句。例如：

Working harder, you"ll be No. 1 in your class.

4. 作讓步狀語，相當於讓步狀語從句。例如：

Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.

5. 作結果狀語。例如：

He died, leaving nothing but debts.

6. 作伴隨狀語或方式狀語。例如：

He sat by the roadside, begging.

（五） 現在分詞的完成式表示它發生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前。例如 ：

Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.

（六） 現在分詞的被動式

當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，用V-ing 形式的被動式。例如：

The factory being built now is a big one.

（七） 現在分詞的否定形式是由“not + 現在分詞”構成。例如：

Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.

附: 現在分詞鞏固練習

1. I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________talking while she was working.

A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop

2. Dont sit there ________nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing

3. The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket ________the desert.

A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

4. Toms never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use ________with him.

A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued

5. The storm left, ________a lot of damage to this area.

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

6.________ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

A. General speaking B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally

7. You cant catch me! Jane shouted, ________away.

A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

8. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise________.

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

9. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk________ the good opportunity.

A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

10.________for many years, the two brothers cant recognize each other.

A. Being separated B. Having separated

C. Having been separated D. To be separated

11. The manager, ________it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making

12. I really can’t understand ________her like that.

A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

13. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ________ jokes.

A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up

14. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures______ in your mind instead of before your eyes!

A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed

15. Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

16. According to a recent survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.

A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch

17. The man insisted ________a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.

A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding

18. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________ the exam.

A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing

19. He looked around and caught a man________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

21. The discovery of new evidence led to________.

A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

22. I couldnt find my key to the car when ________home.

A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. having left

23. Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

24.________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.

A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed

25. I really appreciate________ to relax with you on this nice island.

A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time

26. One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them.

A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct

27. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to________ some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up

28. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before________ .

A. accept fully B. fully accepting C. fully been accepted D. being fully accepted

29.________this, you should have no trouble with the difficult work.

A. Knowing B. If you are knowing C. From knowing D. If you had known

30. Never________ faith in himself, the scientist went on with his research.

A. losing B. to lose C. lose D. to be lost

31.________made her very happy.

A. Her parents will come B. Her parents to come C. Her parents came D. Her parents coming

32. The________ girl was last seen________ near the park.

A. missing; playing B. missing; play

C. missed; play D. missed; to play

33. Tony was very unhappy for________ to the party.

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

34. When he was young, he used to go there and watch________ .

A. to repair bikes B. bikes to be repaired

C. bikes being repaired D. repairing bikes

35. After the party, the children were allowed to finish off the________ sandwiches and cakes.

A. remaining B. rest C. leaving D. remained

36. A policeman reported________ an old lady risk________ very fast on the highway.

A. to see; driving B. seeing; driving C. to see; drive D. to see; driven

37. I really appreciate________ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.

A. your offering B. that you offer C. you to offer D. that you are offering

38. What worried the boy most was________ to go to school.

A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed

C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed

39. Slowly she opened the letter,________ .

A. her hands slightly trembling B. trembling her hands slightly

C. her hands trembled slightly D. slightly her hands were trembled

40. What do you think of the book?

Oh, excellent. It’s worth________ a second time.

A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

41. It was___ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.

A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played

42. The old man told the story in a________ voice and the little girl felt very ________.

A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightening

C. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightened

43. How many of us_______ , say, a meeting that has nothing to with us is not important at all.

A. to attend B. attending C. have attend D. attend

44. Did you tell her the news?

No, of course not.

But________ from what she said, she must have known about it.

A. judge B. judged C. being judged D. judging

45. He sat________ to her________ the stairs.

A. to listen; to climb B. to listen; climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climb

46.________of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend________ her.

A. Warned; followed B. Warning; following

C. Having warned; following D. Having been warned; followed

47.________full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.

A. Not being made B. Having not made

C. Making not D. Not having made

48.________to give up smoking, he threw away his________ cigarettes.

A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remaining

C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining

49. Have you forgotten________ a ruler from Betty? Please remember________ it to her tomorrow.

A. borrowing; to return B. borrowing; returning

C. to borrow; to return D. to borrow; returning

50. We didnt find the Blacks________ the lecture.

No one had told them about________ a lecture the following day.

A. attended; there to be B. attending; there being

C. attend; there was D. to attend; there be

1.時態： 現在進行時，過去進行時，將來進行時，現在完成進行時。

2.狀語:分詞短語作狀語。 For example： looking around, he went into his house.

3.定語：用於前置定語，或後置定語。Boiling water.There are someone talking to me.