原文:For universities the internet opens up a vast new market: professionals who can’t leave jobs and families but would like to boost their careers with a master’s, a professional degree or executive education. The wage premiums for a master’s degree and a professional degree over a bachelor’s are 19% and 57% respectively. Technological change also means that knowledge acquired years ago may be out of date. “I wanted to build the skills necessary for the next phase of my career, to remain relevant to my industry and my clients,” says Ann Cleland, a partner in Horne, an accountancy firm, who is taking the Harvard Business Analytics Programme. For her, as for many, an on-campus course was not an option.
定稿譯文(官方譯文不少地方搭配不當):網際網路為大學開闢了一個巨大的新型市場:有大批職業人士不便放棄工作和離開家庭,但又希望獲得碩士學位、職業學位或高層管理教育來促進自己的職業發展。碩士學位和職業學位的工資水平相比學士學位分別高19%和57%。技術變革還意味著多年前獲得的知識可能已經過時。會計師事務所霍恩(Horne)的合夥人安·克萊蘭德( Ann Cleland)說:“我希望為職業生涯的下一階段積累必要的技能,瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求。”她正在參加哈佛商業分析課程(Harvard Business Analytics Programme)。對她和其他許多人來說,學校的線下課程不是一個好選擇。
第一句原文:For universities the internet opens up a vast new market: professionals who can’t leave jobs and families but would like to boost their careers with a master’s, a professional degree or executive education.
1. open up: ①開放:As the market opens up, I think people are going to be able to spend more money on consumer goods. 隨著市場的開放,我想人們將能夠花更多的錢購置消費品。②提供 (機會);(機會、可能性) 出現;(使)產生:Life studies opened up new possibilities for poetic subject matter. 生命研究為詩歌主題提供了新的可能性。
2. boost:促進;增強 (信心、士氣):Networking not only helps your business to grow but can boost your confidence and business knowledge. 交際不僅有利於壯大事業,而且能夠提高自信並且增加商業知識。
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:boost one’s career with表示“透過獲得...來促進某人的職業發展”:這個句型特別適合在講述學歷時運用,現在很多人考MTI,其實就是“越來越多的人希望獲得碩士學位/博士學位來促進自己的職業發展”“A growing number of people would like to boost their careers with a master’s/doctoral degree.”;boost還可以表示提升或增強:現在很多人參加各種線上線下課程,比如我們高齋翻譯學堂現在每年也有3000多人跟著學翻譯,一是備考CATTI或MTI,二是提升自己的翻譯水平,這些不管是以後從事哪種語言類工作,都是有很大的幫助的。所以我們可以說“人們希望透過培訓來提升自己的專業能力”可以翻譯成People would like to boost their professional competence with a training.
第二句原文:The wage premiums for a master’s degree and a professional degree over a bachelor’s are 19% and 57% respectively.
官方譯文:碩士學位和職業學位的工資水平相比學士學位分別高19%和57%。
主旨思想:透過工資水平比較說明獲得學位的重要性,也就是說職業人員需要參加繼續教育。
單詞和短語:
1. wage: 工資。同義詞辨析:wage,salary和pay這三個詞都可以表示“工資”,但含義不同。Salary主要指非體力勞動者所得到的“工資、薪水”,通常按月,有時按季或年計算(Salary is usually paid monthly, sometimes three months or a year, for a job, esp. as for workers of higher skill and rank);wage主要指簡單勞動或體力勞動者所得的“工資、工錢”,通常按周、日等短期計算發(Wages are paid weekly for a job, esp. as for laborers or workers.),常用複數形式;pay指不論工作性質如何,針對勞動所支付的報酬,它包含salary和wage(s)(pay is paid for a job),為不可數名詞。
第三四句原文:Technological change also means that knowledge acquired years ago may be out of date. “I wanted to build the skills necessary for the next phase of my career, to remain relevant to my industry and my clients,” says Ann Cleland, a partner in Horne, an accountancy firm, who is taking the Harvard Business Analytics Programme.
定稿譯文:技術變革還意味著多年前獲得的知識可能已經過時。會計師事務所霍恩(Horne)的合夥人安·克萊蘭德( Ann Cleland)說,“我希望為我職業生涯的下一階段積累必要的技能,瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求。”她正在參加哈佛商業分析課程(Harvard Business Analytics Programme)。
1. acquire:美 [əˈkwaɪr] 獲得(技能);養成(習慣);得到(某種名聲); He has acquired a reputation as this country"s premier solo violinist. 他已經贏得了該國首席小提琴獨奏家的名譽。近義詞:obtain; gain; achieve; earn
2. phase:n. 時期;階段;(月亮的)盈虧
3. relevant:adj. 相關的;切題的;中肯的;有重大關係的;有意義的,目的明確的。remain relevant to等同於be relevant to,字面意思表示“與...有關的”,結合語境,這裡表示“瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求”,同時還要注意原文的“my industry and my clients”雖然是並列關係,但是翻譯時要注意搭配,“瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求”更合適。
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:build的用法很靈活:可以搭配不同型別(抽象/具體)的名詞,翻譯也不盡相同。比如build skills積累技能;build confidence:建立自信;build an idea:構建一個想法;build a culture創設一種文化;build a website建立一個網站。第四句中括號裡的內容可以是我們在面試或制定規劃時用到的很好的句型,如表達“我想為教學生涯的下一個階段積累必要的技能,瞭解教育行業新動態。”就可以說I want to build the skills necessary for the next phase of my teaching career, (and)to remain relevant to my industry.
第五句原文:For her, as for many, an on-campus course was not an option.
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:an option for:對...來說是一種選擇,not an option for就是說“對...來說不現實/不是一個好辦法/不是一個好選擇”。比如《衛報》曾針對“德班氣候變化峰會”發表過一篇報道,題目是Failure is not an option for global climate change talks,也就是說“失敗對全球氣候變化談判來說不是一個好選擇。”,言外之意就是說只准成功,不許失敗。
總結:這段話主要講述了線上教育逐漸興起的原因、現狀及其優點,我們在談論線上教育的好處的時候,完全可以使用這段的句型:For universities the internet opens up a vast new market: professionals who can’t leave jobs and families but would like to boost their careers with a master’s, a professional degree or executive education. The wage premiums for a master’s degree and a professional degree over a bachelor’s are 19% and 57% respectively. Technological change also means that knowledge acquired years ago may be out of date. Many people want to build the skills necessary for the next phase of their careers, to remain relevant to their industry and clients. As for many of them, an on-campus course .is not an option.
Cuts in industrial capacity may lead to the unemployment of nearly 4m people, but strong demand for labour in the service sector, from restaurants to health care, is easing/relieving that impact.
而《經濟學人》的英語原文是這麼寫的:
Nearly 4m people may lose jobs as a result of cuts in industrial capacity, but strong demand for labour in the services sector, from restaurants to health care, is cushioning that blow.
透過對比分析,我們有以下幾點收穫:
透過分析我們的譯文和英語原文,首先我們發現漢語中的“造成”在英語原文中換成了 as a result of 引導的原因狀語從句。
可見,在表示因果關係的時候,我們以後在翻譯“造成”時可以用“由於”來反著說,比如:as a result of\due to;翻譯“由於”時可以用“導致/引起”來反著說,比如lead to;
3. 所以,“工業去產能可能會造成近400萬人失業”可以翻譯為“Cuts in industrial capacity may lead to the unemployment of nearly 4m people”“Cuts in industrial capacity may lead to nearly 4m job losses”“Nearly 4m people may lose jobs as a result of cuts in industrial capacity” 或“Nearly 4m people may lose jobs due to cuts in industrial capacity”
Chinese online group discounter Pinduoduo Inc priced its U.S. initial public offering (IPO) at $19 per American depositary share (ADS), raising $1.63 billion in the second-biggest U.S. float by a Chinese firm this year, according to three people familiar with the situation.(REUTERS路透社報道)
The company"s stock popped as much as 5% in after hours trading Monday, hitting an all-time high, after the earnings results.
該公司的股價在星期一收盤後的交易中暴漲了5%,創下了歷史最高點。
Pinduoduo, a popular Chinese e-commerce company and a rival to Alibaba"s Taobao.com and JD.com, has filed for a $1 billion U.S. IPO.
File:file我們再熟悉不過了,表示資料,但是這裡和for搭配,這裡指的是申請。
還有許多其他的報道也都用了這個表達:Pinduoduo has filed proposed terms for its $1.5 billion U.S. IPO. The firm provides an ecommerce service optimized for group discounts on products.
那表達申請其他的一些東西也可以用file for
比如說How to file for unemployment benefits?就是說如何申請失業救濟金
還可以說file for bankruptcy 申請破產
三."瑕不掩瑜"怎麼說?經濟學人精彩表達!
現代愛情
--數字時代的浪漫
Romance in the Digital Age
毋庸置疑,網際網路時代深刻影響和改變了人們生活的方方面面,衣食住行,甚至包括擇偶(choosing a mate)。擇偶有多重要呢?此次閱讀的文章提供了一句可供背誦的名言“The right partners can elevate and nourish each other. The wrong ones can ruin both their lives.對的伴侶是相互促進,彼此成就。錯誤的伴侶則會毀掉彼此的生活。”比起線下相親(offline dating),數字時代的一大便利性便是人們之間交往不再受社會分佈或現實空間的限制(people can mingle free from the constraints of social or physical geography)。除了極少數人非常幸運,和那個在人群中多看了一眼的人在一起,大多數人都不可避免的走上相親之道。網上相親擇偶一方面提供了更多、更自由的選擇和更有針對性的配對(more targeted pair up),但另一方面也面臨虛假資訊充斥和演算法控制(the domination of algorithms)帶來的擔憂。
8月中旬那期的經濟學人封面文章講的便是數字時代的愛情。今天給大家分享3個精彩表達:
1. “直男直女”是什麼意思?
2. “造成/導致。。。的原因”都有哪些表達?
3. “瑕不掩瑜”怎麼說?
一.“直男直女”是怎麼說?
我們經常講直男直女,到底直男直女在英文中如何表達,直男直女又是什麼意思呢?上週跟研究生期間的一個學長(大我5屆)見面,在去吃飯的路上,他問我“對了,你是88還是89年的?”我,立馬沒忍住一個白眼翻過去讓他自己去領會,之後我好心(特意)提醒他記不清或者問女生年齡時,往小裡說總不會錯。他笑道說不好意思呀,我是直男。此處的直男應該是指那些心直口快,不懂轉彎討女生歡心的男生。然而其他情況下則是另一種意思,百科上面的直男則是從性取向來定義a male who is heterosexual in his orientation,與gay相反。直女則與lesbian相反。
找物件的時候男女都挑剔,各有各挑剔的點,總之就是很難匹配的點。經濟學人裡面就這樣說:
“Because of the gulf in pickiness between the sexes, a few straight men are doomed never to get any matches at all. ”由於兩性在挑剔程度上的巨大差異,一些直男註定永遠不會在網上得到配對。
gulf除了海灣,還可以表示分歧、隔閡、鴻溝,足以說明男女在擇偶挑剔程度上的巨大差異。拓展下gulf的用法:The gulf between rich and poor is enormous.貧富懸殊。are doomed to後面可以跟動詞,也可以跟名詞,表示註定不能幹某事,比如搞陰謀詭計的人註定要失敗。Those who go in for intrigues and conspiracy are doomed to failure. 一些直男註定永遠不會在網上得到配對a few straight men are doomed never to get any matches at all.
直女也一樣難找到合適的物件,經濟學人裡是這麼說的:
“In offline dating, with a much smaller pool of men to fish from, straight women are more likely to couple up with men who would not get a look-in online. 線上下約會中,可選男性的數量要少得多,直女因而更有可能與那些在網上沒機會被選中的男性牽手。”我們常說釣個金龜婿,fish用得很生動。look-in看望,成功的機會;有份兒。
由此可見這裡的直男直女所用的語境和百科上的為同一類,直用straight表示,相應如果我們說某女太帥,女生都要被掰彎了用bent表示。至於我們常言的直男癌straight men/male cancer 則被維基百科直接收錄為詞條,寫的是coined by the users of Chinese social networks Douban and Weibo in mid-2014,2014年中由中國社交網路豆瓣和微博使用者創造,it refers to a group that uses a variety of reasons and actions to belittle women’s value, harm women’s rights, and hinder the movement for gender equality指代那些用各種理由和行徑蔑視女性價值,傷害女性權力和阻止性別平等的群體。衛報的一篇報道是這樣解釋的 :
“The term (straight-man cancer) has become popular in China in recent years to describe a ‘disease’ among narrow-minded men seeking to control women and work against gender equality.”
不難看出關鍵詞都是指男性對女性價值的貶低和阻礙性別平等。如果在跟外方解釋覺得直接說straight men cancer 可能不易理解,用它的近義詞male chauvinism/ male chauvinist pig沙文主義/大男子主義就可以啦。
二、“造成/導致。。。的原因”都有哪些表達?
文中講到網際網路相親使得雙方能夠衝破物理阻隔,人們能根據網上掛出的個人資訊包括工作、學歷、收入、愛好等來自由選擇,是導致和加劇收入不平等的原因之一。平常碰到這種表述我們都會想到哪些表達?A is the reason that contribute to / of B? A result in/account for B或者 attribute B to A?
在這裡,文中是這樣表達的:
Assortative mating, the process whereby people with similar education levels and incomes pair up, already shoulders some of the blame for income inequality. 所謂的“同型婚配”,也就是具有相似教育和收入水平的人配對,已經是導致收入不平等的原因之一。
有錢人和有錢人配對了,那家庭收入不平等只能越來越大。這裡用的是shoulder some of the blame for ,首先這裡的導致後面的結果是負面的,所以用了blame責備,過失。Shoulder當名詞時,意為肩膀,有句歌詞唱的是“if you want to cry, cry on my shoulder.”當動詞時,意為肩負、承擔,用肩膀擔起責任,如我們常說的承擔責任,就可以說是shoulder the responsibility。這裡的shoulder blame就相當於carry/bear/accept the blame 是...的原因。
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:當表達是造成/導致。。。的原因之一時,通常可以加some 或者part/ one of之類的詞。比如上面這句話的主幹是Assortative mating already shoulders some of the blame for income inequality. 同型婚配被認為是導致收入不平等的原因之一。多學習了這個表達,像上週的滴滴出行事件,分析時就可以說Didi’s rigid process of information-sharing with police shoulder some of the blame for the female passenger’s death.
三、“瑕不掩瑜”怎麼說?
文章寫作也好,演講也好,經常見的邏輯就是會說事情具有兩面性(Every coin has two sides)繼而分析這件事情的利弊(pros and cons)最後得出結論利大於弊或者弊大於利。這篇文章也不例外,在分析了數字時代網上相親的利弊後,得出了結論,敲黑板了,這整段絕對高大上的寫作和翻譯句型:
Yet such concerns should not obscure the good that comes from the modern way of romance. Digital dating offers millions of people a more efficient way to find a good mate. That is something to love. 然而,這些擔憂不應該掩蓋這種現代的浪漫形式所帶來的好處。數字約會為千百萬人提供了一種更有效的尋找佳偶的方式。這一點值得我們愛它。”
在看到yet such concerns should not obscure the good時,我第一反應就是跟中文裡的瑕不掩瑜很接近。現代愛情是帶來諸多擔憂,但是不影響它的好處,不正是優點還是多於缺點,瑕不掩瑜嘛。Obscure隱晦的,在這裡指遮蓋,遮擋,也可以用outweigh超過。總之,這個表達可以學習下,在寫作、分析問題甚至是辯論時會很有用呢。那麼要說雖然有優點,但是缺點更多,那就反過來說yet such merits can not outweigh the defects.
經濟學人訂閱可以做在網站和APP上,當然還有其他的學習方式,如下:
如何獲取經濟學人?
如何學習經濟學人?
學習一篇經濟學人文章內容總括每段主旨思想,長難句,文章結構,寫作思路和句型,背景知識。我們所做的經濟學人精讀文章就從以上幾個方面講解的,提供雙語筆記精讀翻譯講解筆記(包括修訂後的參考譯文+翻譯思維長難句解析+單詞詞彙+小詞大用+寫作句型推薦+經濟學人中的精彩表達),給大家分享3篇我們的經濟學人三篇筆記。大家想要學習更多,可以開啟下面連結:
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/homepage?__biz=MzAxNzk1MDQ5MA==&hid=3&sn=97f402cce7d0957b5e7fa3d1f5879463&scene=18#wechat_redirect
一.經濟學人精讀:線上教育!
原文:For universities the internet opens up a vast new market: professionals who can’t leave jobs and families but would like to boost their careers with a master’s, a professional degree or executive education. The wage premiums for a master’s degree and a professional degree over a bachelor’s are 19% and 57% respectively. Technological change also means that knowledge acquired years ago may be out of date. “I wanted to build the skills necessary for the next phase of my career, to remain relevant to my industry and my clients,” says Ann Cleland, a partner in Horne, an accountancy firm, who is taking the Harvard Business Analytics Programme. For her, as for many, an on-campus course was not an option.
定稿譯文(官方譯文不少地方搭配不當):網際網路為大學開闢了一個巨大的新型市場:有大批職業人士不便放棄工作和離開家庭,但又希望獲得碩士學位、職業學位或高層管理教育來促進自己的職業發展。碩士學位和職業學位的工資水平相比學士學位分別高19%和57%。技術變革還意味著多年前獲得的知識可能已經過時。會計師事務所霍恩(Horne)的合夥人安·克萊蘭德( Ann Cleland)說:“我希望為職業生涯的下一階段積累必要的技能,瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求。”她正在參加哈佛商業分析課程(Harvard Business Analytics Programme)。對她和其他許多人來說,學校的線下課程不是一個好選擇。
第一句原文:For universities the internet opens up a vast new market: professionals who can’t leave jobs and families but would like to boost their careers with a master’s, a professional degree or executive education.
定稿譯文:網際網路為大學開闢了一個巨大的新型市場:有大批職業人士不便放棄工作和離開家庭,但又希望獲得碩士學位、職業學位或高層管理教育來促進自己的職業發展。
主旨思想:聯網為大學開闢巨大的新市場,在職人員可以不用辭職參加線上課程獲得學位,提升自己,促進職業發展。
單詞和短語:
1. open up: ①開放:As the market opens up, I think people are going to be able to spend more money on consumer goods. 隨著市場的開放,我想人們將能夠花更多的錢購置消費品。②提供 (機會);(機會、可能性) 出現;(使)產生:Life studies opened up new possibilities for poetic subject matter. 生命研究為詩歌主題提供了新的可能性。
2. boost:促進;增強 (信心、士氣):Networking not only helps your business to grow but can boost your confidence and business knowledge. 交際不僅有利於壯大事業,而且能夠提高自信並且增加商業知識。
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:boost one’s career with表示“透過獲得...來促進某人的職業發展”:這個句型特別適合在講述學歷時運用,現在很多人考MTI,其實就是“越來越多的人希望獲得碩士學位/博士學位來促進自己的職業發展”“A growing number of people would like to boost their careers with a master’s/doctoral degree.”;boost還可以表示提升或增強:現在很多人參加各種線上線下課程,比如我們高齋翻譯學堂現在每年也有3000多人跟著學翻譯,一是備考CATTI或MTI,二是提升自己的翻譯水平,這些不管是以後從事哪種語言類工作,都是有很大的幫助的。所以我們可以說“人們希望透過培訓來提升自己的專業能力”可以翻譯成People would like to boost their professional competence with a training.
第二句原文:The wage premiums for a master’s degree and a professional degree over a bachelor’s are 19% and 57% respectively.
官方譯文:碩士學位和職業學位的工資水平相比學士學位分別高19%和57%。
主旨思想:透過工資水平比較說明獲得學位的重要性,也就是說職業人員需要參加繼續教育。
單詞和短語:
1. wage: 工資。同義詞辨析:wage,salary和pay這三個詞都可以表示“工資”,但含義不同。Salary主要指非體力勞動者所得到的“工資、薪水”,通常按月,有時按季或年計算(Salary is usually paid monthly, sometimes three months or a year, for a job, esp. as for workers of higher skill and rank);wage主要指簡單勞動或體力勞動者所得的“工資、工錢”,通常按周、日等短期計算發(Wages are paid weekly for a job, esp. as for laborers or workers.),常用複數形式;pay指不論工作性質如何,針對勞動所支付的報酬,它包含salary和wage(s)(pay is paid for a job),為不可數名詞。
2. respectively:adv. 分別地;各自地,獨自地。同根形容詞:respective 分別的,各自的
第三四句原文:Technological change also means that knowledge acquired years ago may be out of date. “I wanted to build the skills necessary for the next phase of my career, to remain relevant to my industry and my clients,” says Ann Cleland, a partner in Horne, an accountancy firm, who is taking the Harvard Business Analytics Programme.
定稿譯文:技術變革還意味著多年前獲得的知識可能已經過時。會計師事務所霍恩(Horne)的合夥人安·克萊蘭德( Ann Cleland)說,“我希望為我職業生涯的下一階段積累必要的技能,瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求。”她正在參加哈佛商業分析課程(Harvard Business Analytics Programme)。
主旨思想:這段繼續在說職業人員需要參加繼續教育,因為技術變革會很快讓知識過時。因此,要有危機意識,要為自己職業的下一個階段積累技能,瞭解行業最新動態。
單詞和短語:
1. acquire:美 [əˈkwaɪr] 獲得(技能);養成(習慣);得到(某種名聲); He has acquired a reputation as this country"s premier solo violinist. 他已經贏得了該國首席小提琴獨奏家的名譽。近義詞:obtain; gain; achieve; earn
2. phase:n. 時期;階段;(月亮的)盈虧
3. relevant:adj. 相關的;切題的;中肯的;有重大關係的;有意義的,目的明確的。remain relevant to等同於be relevant to,字面意思表示“與...有關的”,結合語境,這裡表示“瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求”,同時還要注意原文的“my industry and my clients”雖然是並列關係,但是翻譯時要注意搭配,“瞭解行業新動態並關注客戶需求”更合適。
4. accountancy:n. 會計工作;會計學;會計師之職。accountancy firm:會計機構;會計公司
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:build的用法很靈活:可以搭配不同型別(抽象/具體)的名詞,翻譯也不盡相同。比如build skills積累技能;build confidence:建立自信;build an idea:構建一個想法;build a culture創設一種文化;build a website建立一個網站。第四句中括號裡的內容可以是我們在面試或制定規劃時用到的很好的句型,如表達“我想為教學生涯的下一個階段積累必要的技能,瞭解教育行業新動態。”就可以說I want to build the skills necessary for the next phase of my teaching career, (and)to remain relevant to my industry.
第五句原文:For her, as for many, an on-campus course was not an option.
定稿譯文:對她和其他許多人來說,學校的線下課程不是一個好選擇。
主旨思想:參加繼續教育很重要,但是對很多人來說,學校的線下課程不是一個好選擇。這句剛好和這段的開頭呼應,段首說線上教育的方便之處,段尾說學校的線下課程不是一個好選擇。(注意:這種寫作思路特別好,大家要學著使用)
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:an option for:對...來說是一種選擇,not an option for就是說“對...來說不現實/不是一個好辦法/不是一個好選擇”。比如《衛報》曾針對“德班氣候變化峰會”發表過一篇報道,題目是Failure is not an option for global climate change talks,也就是說“失敗對全球氣候變化談判來說不是一個好選擇。”,言外之意就是說只准成功,不許失敗。
總結:這段話主要講述了線上教育逐漸興起的原因、現狀及其優點,我們在談論線上教育的好處的時候,完全可以使用這段的句型:For universities the internet opens up a vast new market: professionals who can’t leave jobs and families but would like to boost their careers with a master’s, a professional degree or executive education. The wage premiums for a master’s degree and a professional degree over a bachelor’s are 19% and 57% respectively. Technological change also means that knowledge acquired years ago may be out of date. Many people want to build the skills necessary for the next phase of their careers, to remain relevant to their industry and clients. As for many of them, an on-campus course .is not an option.
二.如何用小詞Cushion寫出優美句子?經濟學人回譯!
昨天備考北航的一位學員讓我看他們學校的真題,我發現很多漢譯英類似外刊回譯。我們練習英語寫作和翻譯的時候可以使用這種很有效的方法——回譯。所謂回譯,就是根據外刊漢語譯文再往回譯成英文,然後和英文原文作對比,學習其中的單詞短語和句型,糾正中式英語的思維。
舉個例子,《經濟學人》一篇講治汙的文章中,有句話是講工業去產能帶來的負面影響及服務行業對這種負面影響的緩衝作用,這句話翻譯成中文是這樣的:
“工業去產能可能會造成近400萬人失業,但從餐館到醫療保健等服務行業對勞動力的強勁需求正在緩解這種衝擊。”
一些人的翻譯可能是這樣的:
Cuts in industrial capacity may lead to the unemployment of nearly 4m people, but strong demand for labour in the service sector, from restaurants to health care, is easing/relieving that impact.
而《經濟學人》的英語原文是這麼寫的:
Nearly 4m people may lose jobs as a result of cuts in industrial capacity, but strong demand for labour in the services sector, from restaurants to health care, is cushioning that blow.
透過對比分析,我們有以下幾點收穫:
透過分析我們的譯文和英語原文,首先我們發現漢語中的“造成”在英語原文中換成了 as a result of 引導的原因狀語從句。
可見,在表示因果關係的時候,我們以後在翻譯“造成”時可以用“由於”來反著說,比如:as a result of\due to;翻譯“由於”時可以用“導致/引起”來反著說,比如lead to;
2. “失業”翻譯成一個單詞就是unemployment,也可以翻譯成短語sb lose jobs/job losses。失去了工作,也就是公司裁員了,所以公司裁員也可以說這樣說,比如announced 940 job losses宣佈裁員940人
3. 所以,“工業去產能可能會造成近400萬人失業”可以翻譯為“Cuts in industrial capacity may lead to the unemployment of nearly 4m people”“Cuts in industrial capacity may lead to nearly 4m job losses”“Nearly 4m people may lose jobs as a result of cuts in industrial capacity” 或“Nearly 4m people may lose jobs due to cuts in industrial capacity”
4. “服務行業”外刊裡常見的是the services sector,更強調服務行業包括的範圍之廣;
5. “衝擊”除了可以用impact,還可以用blow;
6. 最重要的是,我們學會了cushion這個小詞的用法。
cushion:我們最熟知的意思是“坐墊”,另一個用法是做動詞,表示“緩衝;緩解”;其相應的名詞含義還可以表示“起緩解作用之物”。比如經濟學人裡面還這樣使用了cushion:
關稅暫時性地加大了通貨膨脹,這使得央行更難減輕衝擊。
我們就可以說Tariffs temporarily push up inflation, making it harder for central banks to cushion the blow.
當地時間週四上午,拼多多正式在紐交所掛牌上市,股票程式碼PDD,最終發行價定為19美元,位於16美元/ADS-19美元/ADS發行區間上限。
今天就跟大家分享三個小詞的用法:
Price, Pop , File
Chinese online group discounter Pinduoduo Inc priced its U.S. initial public offering (IPO) at $19 per American depositary share (ADS), raising $1.63 billion in the second-biggest U.S. float by a Chinese firm this year, according to three people familiar with the situation.(REUTERS路透社報道)
中國線上打折購物網站拼多多公司將在美國首次公開募股(IPO),定價為每股美國存托股票(ADS)19美元。據三位知情人士透露,拼多多是今年第二大在美國上市的中國企業,獲得的融資額高達16億3000萬美元。
Price是我們很熟悉的單詞“價格”,在這裡作動詞意為定價,美 [praɪs] <vt.>定價;標價;問…的價格;給…定價
這個小詞常用作股票定價比如:The shares are expected to be priced at about 330p
這些股票的價格可能會定在330便士左右。
The Pinduoduo IPO popped 39% on its first day of trading Thursday, as the innovative China e-commerce company raised $1.6 billion.
pop美 [pɑ:p]< vi.>:(意外地、突然地)出現;突然出現;發出爆裂聲;(突然地)行動,這裡意為股價暴漲,突然升高
The company"s stock popped as much as 5% in after hours trading Monday, hitting an all-time high, after the earnings results.
該公司的股價在星期一收盤後的交易中暴漲了5%,創下了歷史最高點。
Pinduoduo, a popular Chinese e-commerce company and a rival to Alibaba"s Taobao.com and JD.com, has filed for a $1 billion U.S. IPO.
File:file我們再熟悉不過了,表示資料,但是這裡和for搭配,這裡指的是申請。
還有許多其他的報道也都用了這個表達:Pinduoduo has filed proposed terms for its $1.5 billion U.S. IPO. The firm provides an ecommerce service optimized for group discounts on products.
那表達申請其他的一些東西也可以用file for
比如說How to file for unemployment benefits?就是說如何申請失業救濟金
還可以說file for bankruptcy 申請破產
三."瑕不掩瑜"怎麼說?經濟學人精彩表達!
現代愛情
--數字時代的浪漫
Romance in the Digital Age
毋庸置疑,網際網路時代深刻影響和改變了人們生活的方方面面,衣食住行,甚至包括擇偶(choosing a mate)。擇偶有多重要呢?此次閱讀的文章提供了一句可供背誦的名言“The right partners can elevate and nourish each other. The wrong ones can ruin both their lives.對的伴侶是相互促進,彼此成就。錯誤的伴侶則會毀掉彼此的生活。”比起線下相親(offline dating),數字時代的一大便利性便是人們之間交往不再受社會分佈或現實空間的限制(people can mingle free from the constraints of social or physical geography)。除了極少數人非常幸運,和那個在人群中多看了一眼的人在一起,大多數人都不可避免的走上相親之道。網上相親擇偶一方面提供了更多、更自由的選擇和更有針對性的配對(more targeted pair up),但另一方面也面臨虛假資訊充斥和演算法控制(the domination of algorithms)帶來的擔憂。
8月中旬那期的經濟學人封面文章講的便是數字時代的愛情。今天給大家分享3個精彩表達:
1. “直男直女”是什麼意思?
2. “造成/導致。。。的原因”都有哪些表達?
3. “瑕不掩瑜”怎麼說?
一.“直男直女”是怎麼說?
我們經常講直男直女,到底直男直女在英文中如何表達,直男直女又是什麼意思呢?上週跟研究生期間的一個學長(大我5屆)見面,在去吃飯的路上,他問我“對了,你是88還是89年的?”我,立馬沒忍住一個白眼翻過去讓他自己去領會,之後我好心(特意)提醒他記不清或者問女生年齡時,往小裡說總不會錯。他笑道說不好意思呀,我是直男。此處的直男應該是指那些心直口快,不懂轉彎討女生歡心的男生。然而其他情況下則是另一種意思,百科上面的直男則是從性取向來定義a male who is heterosexual in his orientation,與gay相反。直女則與lesbian相反。
找物件的時候男女都挑剔,各有各挑剔的點,總之就是很難匹配的點。經濟學人裡面就這樣說:
“Because of the gulf in pickiness between the sexes, a few straight men are doomed never to get any matches at all. ”由於兩性在挑剔程度上的巨大差異,一些直男註定永遠不會在網上得到配對。
gulf除了海灣,還可以表示分歧、隔閡、鴻溝,足以說明男女在擇偶挑剔程度上的巨大差異。拓展下gulf的用法:The gulf between rich and poor is enormous.貧富懸殊。are doomed to後面可以跟動詞,也可以跟名詞,表示註定不能幹某事,比如搞陰謀詭計的人註定要失敗。Those who go in for intrigues and conspiracy are doomed to failure. 一些直男註定永遠不會在網上得到配對a few straight men are doomed never to get any matches at all.
直女也一樣難找到合適的物件,經濟學人裡是這麼說的:
“In offline dating, with a much smaller pool of men to fish from, straight women are more likely to couple up with men who would not get a look-in online. 線上下約會中,可選男性的數量要少得多,直女因而更有可能與那些在網上沒機會被選中的男性牽手。”我們常說釣個金龜婿,fish用得很生動。look-in看望,成功的機會;有份兒。
由此可見這裡的直男直女所用的語境和百科上的為同一類,直用straight表示,相應如果我們說某女太帥,女生都要被掰彎了用bent表示。至於我們常言的直男癌straight men/male cancer 則被維基百科直接收錄為詞條,寫的是coined by the users of Chinese social networks Douban and Weibo in mid-2014,2014年中由中國社交網路豆瓣和微博使用者創造,it refers to a group that uses a variety of reasons and actions to belittle women’s value, harm women’s rights, and hinder the movement for gender equality指代那些用各種理由和行徑蔑視女性價值,傷害女性權力和阻止性別平等的群體。衛報的一篇報道是這樣解釋的 :
“The term (straight-man cancer) has become popular in China in recent years to describe a ‘disease’ among narrow-minded men seeking to control women and work against gender equality.”
不難看出關鍵詞都是指男性對女性價值的貶低和阻礙性別平等。如果在跟外方解釋覺得直接說straight men cancer 可能不易理解,用它的近義詞male chauvinism/ male chauvinist pig沙文主義/大男子主義就可以啦。
二、“造成/導致。。。的原因”都有哪些表達?
文中講到網際網路相親使得雙方能夠衝破物理阻隔,人們能根據網上掛出的個人資訊包括工作、學歷、收入、愛好等來自由選擇,是導致和加劇收入不平等的原因之一。平常碰到這種表述我們都會想到哪些表達?A is the reason that contribute to / of B? A result in/account for B或者 attribute B to A?
在這裡,文中是這樣表達的:
Assortative mating, the process whereby people with similar education levels and incomes pair up, already shoulders some of the blame for income inequality. 所謂的“同型婚配”,也就是具有相似教育和收入水平的人配對,已經是導致收入不平等的原因之一。
有錢人和有錢人配對了,那家庭收入不平等只能越來越大。這裡用的是shoulder some of the blame for ,首先這裡的導致後面的結果是負面的,所以用了blame責備,過失。Shoulder當名詞時,意為肩膀,有句歌詞唱的是“if you want to cry, cry on my shoulder.”當動詞時,意為肩負、承擔,用肩膀擔起責任,如我們常說的承擔責任,就可以說是shoulder the responsibility。這裡的shoulder blame就相當於carry/bear/accept the blame 是...的原因。
寫作和翻譯句型推薦:當表達是造成/導致。。。的原因之一時,通常可以加some 或者part/ one of之類的詞。比如上面這句話的主幹是Assortative mating already shoulders some of the blame for income inequality. 同型婚配被認為是導致收入不平等的原因之一。多學習了這個表達,像上週的滴滴出行事件,分析時就可以說Didi’s rigid process of information-sharing with police shoulder some of the blame for the female passenger’s death.
三、“瑕不掩瑜”怎麼說?
文章寫作也好,演講也好,經常見的邏輯就是會說事情具有兩面性(Every coin has two sides)繼而分析這件事情的利弊(pros and cons)最後得出結論利大於弊或者弊大於利。這篇文章也不例外,在分析了數字時代網上相親的利弊後,得出了結論,敲黑板了,這整段絕對高大上的寫作和翻譯句型:
Yet such concerns should not obscure the good that comes from the modern way of romance. Digital dating offers millions of people a more efficient way to find a good mate. That is something to love. 然而,這些擔憂不應該掩蓋這種現代的浪漫形式所帶來的好處。數字約會為千百萬人提供了一種更有效的尋找佳偶的方式。這一點值得我們愛它。”
在看到yet such concerns should not obscure the good時,我第一反應就是跟中文裡的瑕不掩瑜很接近。現代愛情是帶來諸多擔憂,但是不影響它的好處,不正是優點還是多於缺點,瑕不掩瑜嘛。Obscure隱晦的,在這裡指遮蓋,遮擋,也可以用outweigh超過。總之,這個表達可以學習下,在寫作、分析問題甚至是辯論時會很有用呢。那麼要說雖然有優點,但是缺點更多,那就反過來說yet such merits can not outweigh the defects.