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  • 1 # 奇速英語蔡章兵
    定義

    情態動詞(Modal verbs)本身有一定的詞義,表示語氣的單詞。但是不能獨立作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語。情態動詞用在行為動詞前,表示說話人對這一動作或狀態的看法或主觀設想。

    情態動詞雖然數量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)。

    下面這張圖幫你理清這些情態動詞,表示說話者語氣的強硬度從高到低依次遞減,dare最強硬,shall最溫和哦~

    分類

    情態動詞有四類:

    ①只做情態動詞:

    must,can(could),may(might),ought to

    ②可做情態動詞又可做實義動詞:

    need,dare

    shall(should),will(would)

    ④具有情態動詞特徵:

    have(had) to,used to

    位置

    情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前, 謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中,情態動詞則在主語之前。

    I can see you. Come here.

    我能看見你,過來吧。

    He must have been away.

    他一定走了。

    What can I do for you?

    我能幫你嗎?

    How dare you treat us like that!

    你怎能那樣對待我們!

    特點

    情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 情態動詞後面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構成是在情態動詞後面加 "not"。

    個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達更加客氣, 委婉的語氣, 時態性不強, 可用於過去,現在或將來。情態動詞屬非及物動詞,故沒有被動語態。情態動詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。

    He could be here soon.

    他很快就來。

    We can"t carry the heavy box.

    我們搬不動那箱子。

    I"m sorry I can"t help you.

    對不起,我幫不上你。

    基本助動詞與情態助動詞最主要的區別之一是,基本助動詞本身沒有詞義,而情態助動詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說話人對有關動作或狀態的看法,或表示主觀設想:

    What have you been doing since? (構成完成進行體,本身無詞義)

    I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)

    You may have read some account of the matter. (或許已經)

    除此之外,情態助動詞還有如下詞法和句法特徵:

    1) 除ought和used以外,其他情態動詞後面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定片語的話,那麼,所有情態動詞無一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式:

    We used to grow beautiful roses.

    I asked if he would come and repair my television set.

    2) 情態助動詞在限定動詞片語總是位居第一:

    They need not have been punished so severely.

    3) 情態助動詞用於第三人稱單數現在時的時候,沒有詞形變化,即其詞尾無-s形式:

    She dare not say what she thinks.

    4) 情態動詞沒有非限定形式,即沒有不定式和分詞形式,也沒有相應的動名詞:

    Still, she needn"t have run away.

    5) 情態助動詞的“時”的形式並不是時間區別的主要標誌。在不少場合,情態助動詞的現在時和過去時形式都可以表示現在、過去或將來時間:

    Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?

    She told him he ought not to have done it.

    6) 情態助動詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個限定動詞片語中只能出現一個情態助動詞,但有時卻可以與have和be基本助動詞連用:

    You should have washed the wound.

    Well, you shouldn"t be reading a novel.

    用法

    首先它是動詞,而且不同於行為動詞,行為動詞表示的是可以透過行為來表達的動作(如寫,讀,跑),而情態動詞只是表達的一種想法(如能,也許,敢)。

    用法是:情態動詞+行為動詞原形

    例句:I can read this sentence in English.

    我能用英語讀這句話。

    情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。

    We can be there on time tomorrow.

    我們明天能按時去那兒。

    May I have your name?

    我能知道你的名字嗎?

    Shall we begin now?

    我們現在就開始嗎?

    You must obey the school rules.

    你必須遵守校規。

    功能

    助動詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類:基本助動詞(primary auxiliary)和情態助動詞(modal auxiliary)。

    基本助動詞有三個:do, have和be;

    情態助動詞有十三個:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.

    上述兩類助動詞的共同特徵是,在協助主動詞構成限定動詞片語時,具有作用詞的功能:

    1) 構成否定式:

    He didn"t go and neither did she.

    The meeting might not start until 5 o"clock.

    2) 構成疑問式或附加疑問式:

    Must you leave right now?

    You have been learning French for 5 years, haven"t you?

    3) 構成修辭倒裝:

    Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.

    Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

    4) 代替限定動詞片語:

    A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?

    B: Tom can.

    A: Shall I write to him?

    B: Yes, do.

    用法要點

    can, could

    1) 表示能力(體力、知識、技能)。

    Can you lift this heavy box?(體力)

    Mary can speak three languages.(知識)

    Can you skate?(技能)

    此時可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現在時和一般過去式;而be able to則有更多的時態。

    I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

    當表示“經過努力才得以做成功某事”時應用be able to,不能用Can。

    如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

    2) 表示請求和允許。

    Can I go now?

    Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

    此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替,不是過去式,只是語氣更委婉,不能用於肯定句和答語中。

    Could I come to see you tomorrow?

    Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

    3) 表示客觀可能性(客觀原因形成的能力)。

    They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

    This hall can hold 500 people at least.

    4) 表示推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態度),用於疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。

    Can this be true?

    This can’t be done by him.

    How can this be true?

    特別說明:

    (1) could用來表示請求時,語氣委婉,主要用於疑問句,不能用於肯定句,答語應用can(即:could不能用於現在時態的簡略答語中)。

    Could I use your dictionary?

    Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I’m afraid not.)

    此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替,不是過去式,只是語氣更委婉,不能用於肯定句和答語中。

    Could I come to see you tomorrow?

    Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

    (2) can和be able to辨析

    can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上沒有區別。但can只有現在式和過去式,而be able to則有更多的形式。

    如:

    I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.

    Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?

    但是,表示在過去某時的某一場合經過一番努力,終於做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to來表示。could:有潛能,但並未做到,這時was/were able to相當於managed to do或succeed in doing。

    如:

    After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.

    The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.

    I can sing many English songs.

    我會唱許多英文歌曲。

    We were able to return to our campsite before the heavy rain.

    我們在下大雨前設法會到了野營地。

    He was able to swim across the river and escaped being caught.

    他游到了河對岸,沒有被抓住。

    在否定句中,can/could與be able t幾乎沒有什麼差別,兩者可以互換。例如:

    She wasn’t able to/couldn’t cook French dishes.

    她不會做法國菜。

    (3) 慣用形式“can not …too…”表示“無論怎麼……也不(過分)”。

    如:

    You cannot be too careful.

    你越小心越好。

    慣用形式“can not but+ 不定式(不帶to)”表示“不得不,只好”。如:

    I can not but admire her determination.

    我不得不欽佩你的決心。

    may, might

    1) 表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉,而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

    Might/ May I smoke in this room?

    No, you mustn’t.

    May/Might I take this book out of the room?

    Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

    用May I...?徵徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣,而用Can I...?在口語中更常見。

    2)用於祈使句,表示祝願。

    May you succeed!

    3) 表示推測、可能性(不用於疑問句)。

    might不是過去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

    1.He may /might be very busy now.

    2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

    must, have to

    1) 表示必須、必要。

    You must come in time.

    在回答引出的問句時,如果是否定的,不能用mustn"t(禁止,不準),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

    Must we hand in our exercise books today?

    Yes, you must.

    No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

    2) must是說話人的主觀看法, 而have to則強調客觀需要。Must只有一般現在時, have to 有更多的時態形式。

    1. He play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

    2. I had to work when I was your age.

    3) 表示推測、可能性(只用於肯定的陳述句)

    1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he

    likes best.

    2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

    dare, need

    1) dare作情態動詞用時, 常用於疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。

    1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

    2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

    3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

    2) need 作情態動詞用時, 常用於疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

    1.You needn’t come so early.

    2. Need I finish the work today?

    Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

    3) dare和 need作實義動詞用時, 有人稱、時態和數的變化。在肯定句中,dare後面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中,dare後 面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need後面只能接帶to的不定式。

    1. I dare to swim across this river.

    2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

    3. He needs to finish his homework today.

    shall, should

    1) shall 用於第一人稱,徵求對方的意見。

    What shall we do this evening?

    2) shall 用於第二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

    1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

    2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)

    3. He shall be punished.(威脅)

    will, would

    1) 表示請求、建議等,would更委婉。

    Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

    2) 表示意志、願望和決心。

    1. I will never do that again.

    2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

    3) would表示過去反覆發生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣時比used to正式,且沒有“現已無此習慣”的含義。

    1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

    2. The wound would not heal.

    4) 表示估計和猜想。

    It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

    特別說明:would與used to辨析

    would可用來表示過去反覆出現的動作,但不能表示過去存在的狀態,所以我們不能說:“she would be a quiet girl.”

    另外,would強調過去某種特定情況下的活動,是完全過去的事情,同現在沒有聯絡。而used to則著眼於過去和現在的對比,隱含現在已不存在,動作或狀態都可表示。Would可以表示不規則的習慣,used to則不可。

    如:

    He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.

    I used to get up at six in the morning.

    Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.

    In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.

    should, ought to

    1) should, ought to表示“應該”,ought to表示義務或責任,比should語氣重。

    1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

    2. You ought to take care of the baby.

    2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑問句中常用should。

    1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

    2. Should I open the window?

    3) 表示推測,should , ought to (客觀推測), must(主觀推測)。

    1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)

    2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

    3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

    4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

    情態動詞+不定式完成式(have done)

    1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本來可以做而實際上能做某事”,是虛擬語氣;在疑問句或否定句中表示對過去行為的懷 疑或不肯定, 表示推測。

    1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.(虛擬語氣)

    2. He can’t have been to that town.(推測)

    3. Can he have got the book?(推測)

    2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)表示對過去行為的推測。不能用於疑問句中,沒有虛擬語氣的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

    1. He may not have finished the work .

    2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

    3)must +不定式完成式(have done)用於肯定句中,表示對過去行為的推測。意為“一定、想必”。其疑問、否定形式用can,can’t代替。參看1) can / could + have done表示推測。

    1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

    2. He must have been to Shanghai.

    4)should +不定式完成式(have done)用於肯定句中,表示對過去行為的推測。

    He should have finished the work by now。

    表示“本應該做而實際上沒有做某事”,其否定式表示某種行為本不該發生卻發生了。可以與ought to +不定式完成式(have don e)互換。

    1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

    2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

    5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)表示“本來不必做而實際上做了某事”。

    You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

    6) will +不定式完成式(have done)主要用於第二、三人稱,表示對已完成的動作或事態的推測。

    He will have arrived by now.

    情態動詞表示猜測

    肯定:must>should>could>may>might

    否定:can’t>shouldn’t>couldn’t>may not>

    表示要求,命令時,語氣由 should(應該)、had better最好)、must(必須)漸強。

    必須掌握情態動詞表示推測語氣時的反意疑問句。

    例如:

    The road is wet. It must have rained, hasn"t it?

    The road is wet. It must have rained last night, didn"t it? (多了過去時的時間狀語)

    I met him on his way home. He can’t be in the library now, isn"t he?

    The coat is too close to the fire. It might get burnt, doesn"t it?

  • 2 # 拼搏中的曉龍

    概念引入

    Such things ought not to be allowed. 這類事不該容許。

    He said I ought to write an article about it. 他說我應當寫一篇文章談這事。

    I ought to be fit for work next month. 下個月我想必可以工作了。

    I don’t think you ought to have done that. 我想你不應該這樣做的。

    語法講解

    ought to的用法講解

    ought to是一個比較奇怪的情態動詞,因為其他所有情態動詞都後接動詞原形,而ought to雖然也是後接動詞原形,但卻無意中構成了ought to do sth結構,其中的to do sth.便是一個典型的帶to不定式,並且ought to do sth在用法上也是基本上將ought與to do sth

    分開使用——如構成疑問句,只需將ought提前,而不是將ought to提前;構成否定式時,是在ought後面加上not,而不是在ought to的後面加not。如:

    Ought I to tell her the truth? 我應該把真實的情形告訴她嗎?

    We ought to be careful, oughtn’t we? 我們應該小心,對吧?

    Oughtn’t he to see a doctor? 他是不是該去看醫生?

    You oughtn’t to stay out so late. 你不應當在外面待到這樣晚。

    在美國英語中,ought to用於否定句和疑問句時可將其中的to省略。如:

    Ought we (to) have done it? 我們本該做此事嗎?

    但是,肯定句中的to通常是不會省略。另外,在簡略答語中,有時也可以省去to。如:

    —Ought he to go with us? 他應該同我們一起去嗎?

    —Yes, he ought (to). 對,應該一起去。

    意義如下:

    (1)ought沒有人稱或時態的變化,後跟帶to的不定式。常譯作“應該”,“應當”等,和should同義,只是口氣稍重一些。其否定式為ought not to (oughtn"t to ),疑問式為Ought I /you to…?

    You ought to start at once你應該立刻出發。

    Such things ought not to be done.這種事不應該幹。

    -Ought he to go? 他應該走了?

    -Yes, he ought to.是的,應該走了。

    (2)表可能性

    Mary ought to be home by now.瑪麗這會兒該是到家了。

    There is a fine sunset. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞,明天應該是個好天。

    It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning.明天旱晨大概是個好天氣。

    (3)表示沒有履行過去的義務時,用“ought to +完成時。

    You ought to have told me about this earlier.(But you didn"t)你本來應該早一點把此事告訴我。(但沒有)

    I ought to have written that letter yesterday.(But I didn"t)我本應該昨天寫那封信。(但我沒寫)

    It ought to have been done long ago.這事早該做完的。

    二、ought to的否定式和疑問式 1. ought to的否定形式是ought後直接加not構成,其否定形式可縮寫為oughtn"t。 One ought not (oughtn"t) to cross the street against the red light. 2. ought to的疑問式是將ought提到句首構成。 —Ought we to do it at once? —Yes, you ought to. 在反意疑問句裡,下面兩種形式都可以: He ought to be here now, shouldn"t (oughtn"t) he? "必須 ,應該, 應當"的意思,ought to與should意思接近,大多數情況下二者可以互換,但是should談的是自己的主觀看法,ought to則更多反映客觀情況,在談到法律、義務和規定時使用。 ought to具體用法如下: 1. (表示義務、責任等) 應當, 應該 You ought to work harder than that. 2. (表示勸告、建議等) 應該, 該 You don"t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. 3. (表示猜測、期望) 總應該,理應 It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning. 4. “ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應做某事而實際未做 You ought to have told me that (but you didn"t). 這時ought to和should可以互換使用。 ought to的否定式和疑問式 ought to的否定形式是ought後直接加not構成,其否定形式可縮寫為oughtn"t。

    should和ought的區別

    兩者可替換,ought to語氣稍重。在公告、須知或條例中,出於禮貌,常用should. 表示出於法令規則、行為準則、道德責任等客觀情況而“應該”做某事時,一般應用ought to,若用should則含有個人意見,強調主觀看法。

    二者區別: ought to比should 語氣強 (1)should 表示主觀看法,一些建議,勸說時,譯作“應當”。 ought to,直接接動詞原形,更多反映客觀情況,“有義務”或“必要”做某事,譯為“應當,應該” (2)ought to的否定就表示做某事一定是錯誤的 而should的否定就表示某動作不一定要做 3.should可以用於虛擬語態, 而ought to 不能 ought to 是唯一一個可加to的情態動詞! ought to 比should語氣更強烈 ought to的否定就表示做某事一定是錯誤的 而should的否定就表示某動作不一定要做 表示應該,責備時 區別不大 但是should可以在名詞從句中表示虛擬如在suggest, advise,等從句中 在lest, for fear that, in case等的狀語從句中也只用should 另外should有表示驚訝之意 ought to與should意思接近,大多數情況下二者可以互換,但是should談的是自己的主觀看法,ought to則更多反映客觀情況,在談到法律、義務和規定時使用。 如: We should/ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work. She is your mother, so you ought to support her. We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will. ought to具體用法如下: 1. (表示義務、責任等) 應當, 應該 You ought to work harder than that. 2. (表示勸告、建議等) 應該, 該 You don"t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. 3. (表示猜測、期望) 總應該,理應 It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning. 4. “ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應做某事而實際未做 You ought to have told me that (but you didn"t). 這時ought to和should可以互換使用。

    情態動詞ought to和had better用法詳解

    ought to+原形動詞表示義務、勸告或推測等意義,意思是"應該…".   I am tired. I ought to sit here for a while.   我累了,我應該休息一會兒。   表示否定時,not放在ought之後。在美語中,在否定句中,ought之後的不定詞符號to常可 省略。   Hey, boy, you oughtn"t (to) sleep here. Get up!   嘿,孩子,你不應該躺在這兒。起來!   在美語中,在疑問句中,ought之後的不定詞符號to常可省略。   Ought you (to) do it?   你應該這麼做嗎?   had better只有一種形式,不是表示過去,而是指現在或未來,表示向對方提出勸告或警告。 had better+原形不定詞表示"最好……".   You had better give up smoking.   你最好把煙戒掉。   had better的否定形式是had better not.   You had better not throw it on the ground.   你最好別把它扔在地上。

    had better很少用於疑問句,但有時為了表示忠告或建議而用否定疑問句,這時否定副詞 not位於主語之後。   Had you better not talk to yourself?   你不要自言自語好不好?

    表示推測的情態動詞:

    肯定推測: 用must, may, might。

    注意:must/may/might have done。

    He must be the new teacher.

    They must have come from Shanghai.

    They may/might have had a cold.

    否定推測: 用cannot, cannot/couldn’t have done。

    She cannot be his daughter. She is too old.

    They cannot/couldn’t have caught the 9:15 train, for they left the hotel at 9:20.

    He can’t have heard us. Knock again.

    need

    情態動詞: 常常用於否定和疑問句。

    You don’t need to tell Susan. She knows it.

    — Need I tell you where you are?

    — No, you needn’t.

    實意動詞:

    She needs help. She needs to have an ID card.

    You don’t need to go there to have your exam.

    need doing

    dare

    He dares to do anything, but this time he dare not do.

    I dare not ask him questions.

    Dare he tell them what happened yesterday?

    He doesn’t dare to go there by himself.

    He will never dare to come again.

    ought to=should

    We ought to love others as ourselves.

    You oughtn’t to smoke that much.

    They ought not to have gone there yesterday.

  • 3 # 英語學人

    定義

    情態動詞+主動詞表示說話當時的情態。

    什麼是情態,情態是語言的人際功能,表達說話者在當時情境下對某事的看法,例如

    某事發生的機率:can, could, may, might, must, should, would等可以不可以做: can, may, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to,能不能做到: can, could, be able to建議:must, have to, should

    動詞分四種,分別有如下圖功用。

    主動詞:謂語動詞系動詞: 連繫表語助動詞: 輔助助動詞表時態情態動詞: 輔助助動詞表情態。

    其中情態動詞和助動詞都是靠後面接主動詞起作用的。例如:I can do it.

    情態動詞can後面+主動詞do,表示我能做到。

    情態動詞的特點:跟動詞原型: I can do it.沒有人稱和數的變化: They can do it. 和上面的例句相比,主語變為第三人稱複數,can 還是can。有疑問和否定形式:Can I do it? I can"t do it.應用

    表可能性 (probability)

    must can等語氣強,could,may,might語氣弱,表示不肯定,可能性相對低。

    表可以不可以 (permission)應該不應該(obligation)

    must語氣最強,should,would偏弱。

    問:Must I accept this gift? 我必須接受這個禮物嗎?答:No, You needn’t. / You don’t have to. 不,你不需要。不可用 mustn’t 回答。

    表有沒有能力(ability),能不能做到

    表習慣(habit)

    此外,have to ,need, dare,ought to等也用作情態動詞。

    總結不易,給個贊吧!

  • 4 # 英語思維

    英語語法最大的“惡”就是術語太多,情態動詞算是一個。

    什麼是“情態動詞”,情態動詞就是表示“主觀 / 客觀意願”的。

    如:

    我會(will/would) 怎麼樣怎麼樣;

    我能(can/could) 怎麼樣怎麼樣;

    我應該(shall/should) 怎麼樣怎麼樣;

    我可以(may/might) 怎麼樣怎麼樣;

    我必須(must/must) 怎麼樣怎麼樣;

    等等等等。。。。

    世界可以分為虛實兩部分,英語語言為了反映這種虛實,也就用了上面括號中的形式,即前者為真、為實;後者為虛、為假。

    如上所述,情態動詞只是表示出你會、能、應該、可以、必須,但是你會、能、應該、可以、必須什麼呢? 這時後面還得接上一個真正的“動詞”,我們稱為“主動詞”。

    如:

    我會(will/would) 做(do);

    我能(can/could) 做(do);

    我應該(shall/should) 做(do);

    我可以(may/might) 做(do);

    我必須(must/must) 做(do);

    從上面可以看出,情態動詞在謂語部分是第一個詞,其不僅表達出“主觀/客觀意願”,也表達出句子的時間。所以情態動詞也就是“時間助動詞”;而後面真正的動詞就是所謂的“主動詞”。

    謂語動詞 = 時間助動詞 + 狀態主動詞

    時間助動詞最主要的功能是表達“時間”的內涵、其次是“情態”內涵、“輔助狀態”內涵。

    主動詞 = 非謂語動詞

    語言作為忠實反映世界的工具,其可以表達客觀、主觀、真實、虛擬、過去、未來等內涵,不同的語言採用了不同的表達形式,而英語則採用了“形”的方式,如下表所示:

    對照例句仔細體會上表所列各種情態動詞組合:

    can/could do;

    will/would do;

    may/might do;

    shall/should do

    can/could have done;

    will/would have done;

    may/might have done;

    shall/should have done

    仔細體會語言中這種非常微妙和細膩的“真、假、虛、實、現在、過去”內涵。

    語言的表達能力是非常全面和強大的,其蘊含的思維是非常細膩的,而英語語言的這種細膩的思維都隱藏在英語的語法中,所以一定要深刻透徹的學透語法,這樣 你才能真正細膩精準的進行理解和表達。

  • 5 # 英語幫幫

    什麼是情態動詞:

    情態動詞是用來表達主體對客體,主體與主體之間,能力與義務,可能與不可能,請求與許可,勸告與命令,具有實際意義的語法功能性動詞。絕大多數情態動詞在使用上,沒有受到人稱與數量的限定,情態動詞與不帶"to" 的不定式一起構成複合謂語,情態動詞本身是功能詞,可以作為助動詞使用,其否定形式直接在其後面加not。情態動詞用法的難點是如何透過語境來判定其語氣及可能性的大小。對初中生只掌握情態動詞的基本用法,對高中生除要求掌握基本用法外,還需與掌握情態動詞表推測的用法與虛擬語氣。

    初中主要情態動詞如下:

    情態動詞的語氣及推測性用法

    大多數情態動詞都有推測性用法,情態動詞的推測性用法可分為肯定語氣推測,否定語氣推測,以及介於肯定與否定之間的可能性推測。

    1.肯定性推測:肯定性推測用情態動詞must ,對現在事物的推測用must do /be/ be doing;對過去事物的推測用must have done/ have been。

    2.否定性推測:否定性推測用情態動詞 can’t,對現在事物的否定推測用can’t be/ do/ be doing;對過去事物的推測用can’t have done/ have been。

    3.情態動詞可能性大小及語氣的強弱與委婉,一般情態動詞的過去式形式比其現在式可能性要小,語氣更為委婉,我們可以按可能性從大到小,語氣由強到弱的順序給情態動詞排序依次為:have to, must, ought to, should,need, will, would, can, could, may,might。

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