很高興能夠為你解答，施用生物菌肥選擇未採取任何防治措施的發病地塊，分別追施生物菌肥禾神元、坤奇爾、滿園春、金寶貝，以補充有益菌，提高植株抗病能力。試驗結果表明，各試驗菌肥均能控制大白菜根腫病的發生，提高大白菜產量，在根腫病普遍發生的情況下能比不施肥的對照增產39%，可在農業生產中推廣使用。

進行種子處理，55℃溫湯浸種20分，同時不停攪動種子；0.4%高錳酸鉀溶液浸種15分；1∶150倍倍生石灰水浸種15分；70%百菌清可溼性粉劑600倍液浸種20分；以不做處理的種子為對照。取重病田土10kg作苗床土，將上述處理後的種子播種育苗，移栽至無菌田塊，30天后調查發病情況。

根腫病的危害

根腫病是在農作物特別是蔬菜中流行的一種病害，其病原菌主要為鞭毛菌亞門中的蕓薹根腫菌。在中國主要危害大白菜、青菜、芥菜等十字花科蔬菜。農作物受根腫菌侵染後，在根部形成大小不一、光滑或龜裂粗糙的腫瘤。

白菜是餐桌上常見的熟菜，它的種植面積廣，南，北方均有大面積種植，白菜容易得根腫病，也是我們常說的腫瘤病，怎麼預防呢？以多年種植蔬菜的經驗來聊聊對白菜腫瘤病的預防

腫瘤病多見於白菜的根部，從白菜的幼苗期到成苗均有受害，拔開白菜的根部，不難發現，有大小不一的種瘤疙瘩，分佈在根系上，主根上的瘤大而少點，側根上瘤多而小點，呈現不規則狀和圓球

這種病是多菌性的病，在白菜得病前期不容易被人看出，當真菌侵入根部後，根上就會長出大小不一的腫瘤，半月以後，地面上的白菜就會逐漸發微黃，生長速度就慢下來啦，這時根部的營養都被腫瘤所吸收，白菜得不到營養慢慢的停止生長，直到死去

腫瘤是典型的爛根病（老家的通稱），多見於土壤的傳播，怎麼預防呢？1，不能重茬種植，需輪流種植，2，積水不行，低窪處容易爛根和腫瘤，3，在除草時，要清理乾淨，深埋和焚燒是最有效的辦法，可以大大降低病毒的傳播源，腫瘤病毒的存活期長達7—8年，4，酸度高的不適合種白菜，最容易得腫瘤病，酸度高的地保溼性也高，根系長時間浸泡，就會發生病變

先從種子上加以預防，首先選擇抗病強的品種，然後再進行消毒滅菌，來保障種子的出苗的成活率，這樣育出來的苗不易招蟲害

挑揀好的白菜苗，定植到大田地裡，定苗選擇晴天，定植好的苗用瓢澆一下菜心，這步很關鍵，目地是潔淨菜心，起到補水的作用，一瓢澆3顆，每顆白菜都澆到位，把菜心衝乾淨，經過Sunny的照射，再加上晚上補水的滋潤，第二天就反醒苗啦！三天後再一次澆菜心，補水，這時的成活率達到100%成活

種植白菜選三伏天，農村有:頭伏蘿蔔，二伏芥，三伏種白菜，選擇二伏末三伏初，時間種不對，也會造成腫瘤病的發生，白菜是一種喜涼蔬菜，立秋之後，晝夜溫差大，白菜長的迅速，這個時候追一遍肥，同時加藥滅地蟲和真菌，也是保收的關鍵一步，掌握好時間，種出的白菜，菜幫肥，葉嫩，抱心瓷實

大白菜根腫病是一種對白菜傷害比較嚴重的*傳病蟲害，從種出苗到成株期常有將會產生，大白菜根腫病會使大白菜的生產量和質量都遭受極大地危害，那麼怎樣防治大白菜根腫病呢?

發病前期瘤體表層光潔，中後期表層不光滑、凸凹不平，顯著開裂。主根惡性腫瘤大如生雞蛋，總數降低，主根惡性腫瘤不大，根鬚惡性腫瘤通常一串串，大的高達20好幾個。

二、傷害

關鍵傷害根處，導致主根或主根出現大小不一，形近手指頭狀、短桿狀或球形的瘤。葉子自下而上慢慢變黃，大晴天下午前後左右主莖枯萎似少水或缺乏營養狀。

三、農牧業防治

1.禁止從病房裝運苗木和蔬菜水果，以維護無病房，嚴苛挑選沒病地或新墾地預苗，在栽種定植時留意取代病苗。

2.改進鹼化*壤。已經發覺*壤鹼化是引起白菜根腫病的關鍵要素之一。使用生石灰粉和矽粉調整*壤ph酸鹼度防治此病實際效果不錯，為調整好*壤ph酸鹼度，在栽種前1畝苗期使用生石灰粉100公斤，隨後潮溼澆灌，使PH值維持在7-7.5中間，苗期*壤呈偏鹼，育出的白菜菜苗根腫病發病率顯著降低，是一種簡單易行的技術措施。

3.採用抗病品種。它是從源頭上處理根腫病的最好方式 。現階段銷售市場上營銷推廣的抵抗性種類有大豐2號、青雜3號、改進青雜2號、城陽區青、綠豐2號、綠星70、膠白10號等種類。全國各地可因時制宜採用。

4.輪種倒茬。發病比較嚴重的田園，要推行和非十字花科農作物如苞米、麥子、稻穀等莎草科農作物，或黃豆、菜豆等豆科作物輪種三年之上。一般春、夏天可栽種茄豆類蔬菜、瓜類蔬菜及豆類蔬菜;秋、冬天可換種菠菜、窩筍及蔥薑蒜類蔬菜水果。

6.適當使用生石灰粉，翻耕時1畝使用石灰粉75-100公斤將*壤調到微偏鹼。可在定植前7-10天將石灰粉勻稱追施*面後作廂，也可定植時穴施。街邊病蟲害產生後，能用2%氯化鋁充足淋施廂面，之後每過七天淋一次，可大大的緩解其傷害。或在白菜旺長期性，用1%生石為水灌根2次。

四、藥物防治

1.種子消毒

按每100公斤種子用適樂時25克/升咯菌腈飄浮種衣劑500ml，放水2KG翻拌，開展種子消毒解決，預防疾病實際效果不錯。

2.*壤或苗木消毒殺菌

栽種前須對苗期*壤消毒殺菌解決，方式 是：溼*用1：500的福爾馬林溶液每平米灑藥液18KG，幹*則用1：100倍福爾馬林液每平米灑藥液36KG，隨後用塑料膜或草苫遮蓋。能用95%敵磺鈉可溼性劑0.3公斤，拌細*30公斤施入直播間溝內，覆*後栽種。或在白菜種植前於廂面勻稱條施70%五氯硝基苯或50%甲基託布津可溼性粉劑，1畝使用量1.5公斤上下，或是在蔬菜水果栽種時，灌溉50%甲基託布津可溼性粉劑500倍液，每棵灌溉藥液250克，一個月後再澆施1次。或是在栽種前，在白菜栽種後將其稀釋液2000倍液灌根，1畝用藥液300KG，以後間距7-10天再灌根1次。栽種田隨澆定根水時灌根噴藥。或是在栽種前要10%氰霜唑懸浮劑800倍液浸菜苗根二十分鐘。

3.病田防治

發病前期，田裡看到小量病株時，用50%甲基託布津可溼性粉劑500倍液或50%三唑酮可溼性粉劑500倍液灌根，有不錯的控病功效。每棵用藥液0.5公斤。或是用20%喹菌酮可溼性粉劑1000倍液指向病部尖部噴霧器，均有不錯的防治功效。

綜上所述便是大白菜根腫病的防治內容，大白菜栽種戶朋友能夠參照學習培訓，大夥兒要在發病前期就醫治好，中後期沒辦法修復了。

英語翻譯：Chinese cabbage root swollen disease is a disease and insect pest that is more serious to cabbage. It will often occur from seedling to adult plant stage. Chinese cabbage root swollen disease will greatly harm the production and quality of Chinese cabbage. How to prevent root swelling of Chinese cabbage?

1. Disease

The surface of the tumor is smooth and clean in the early stage of onset, and the surface is not smooth, uneven and cracked in the middle and late stages. Taproot malignant tumors are as large as raw eggs, and the total number is reduced. Taproot malignancies are not large, and root malignant tumors are usually clusters of up to 20.

2. Harm

Critical damage to the root causes the taproot or taproot to have tumors of different sizes that are close to finger heads, short rods or spherical shapes. The leaves slowly turn yellow from bottom to top, and the main stems wither around the afternoon on a sunny day seem to lack water or nutrients.

3. Prevention and control of agriculture and animal husbandry

1. It is forbidden to ship seedlings, vegetables and fruits from the ward to maintain the ward-free room, strictly select pre-seedlings in disease-free land or newly cultivated land, and pay attention to replacing diseased seedlings when planting and planting.

2. Improve alkalized soil. It has been discovered that soil alkalization is one of the key elements that cause cabbage root swelling. Using quicklime powder and silica powder to adjust the soil pH to prevent and control this disease has a good effect. In order to adjust the soil pH, 100 kg of quicklime powder should be used in the seedling stage of 1 mu before planting, and then damp watering to maintain the pH at 7- In the middle of 7.5, the seedling stage * soil is slightly alkaline, and the incidence of root swelling of the bred cabbage seedlings is significantly reduced, which is a simple and easy technical measure.

3. Use disease-resistant varieties. It is the best way to deal with root swelling from the source. At the current stage, the types of resistance to be promoted in the sales market include Dafeng No. 2, Qingza No. 3, Improved Qingza No. 2, Chengyang District Green, Lvfeng No. 2, Lvxing 70, Jiaobai No. 10, etc. It can be adopted in various parts of the country according to the time.

4. Rotation of stubble. In fields where the disease is more serious, it is necessary to promote the rotation of non-cruciferous crops such as sedge crops such as rice, wheat, and rice, or legumes such as soybeans and kidney beans for more than three years. In spring and summer, you can plant eggplant, legume, melon, and legume vegetables; in autumn and winter, you can plant spinach, bamboo shoots, green onion, ginger, and garlic.

5. Dry the soil in the sun and choose high-compartment planting. Choose sunny days for planting, 1-2 weeks of sunny days after planting can greatly alleviate the disease; such as rainy days during planting or rainy days shortly after transplantation, spray 2% lime slurry to slow down the disease. When harvesting vegetables, it is best to uproot the roots and bury the crux in a 45-60 cm deep pit, topdressing with lime powder, and then cover it to promote the root rot and the death of pathogens. Pay attention to the coordinated application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, do not apply partial or excessive base fertilizer; also pay attention to the environmental sanitation in the field, and immediately remove the cruciferous weeds in the field.

6. Use quicklime powder appropriately, use 75-100 kg of lime powder to adjust the soil to slightly alkaline when plowing. Lime powder can be evenly applied to the surface after 7-10 days before planting, and it can also be applied in a hole during planting. After the street diseases and insect pests occur, 2% aluminum chloride can be used to fully spray the surface of the compartment, and then once every seven days, the damage can be greatly relieved. Or in the prosperous period of cabbage, use 1% rock as water to irrigate the roots twice.

Fourth, drug prevention

1. Seed disinfection

For every 100 kilograms of seeds, use 500ml of Siloxer"s 25g/L fludioxonil floatation seed coating agent, add 2kg of water to mix, and carry out seed disinfection solution. The actual effect of disease prevention is good.

2.*Disinfection and sterilization of soil or seedlings

Before planting, the seedling stage soil must be disinfected and sterilized. The method is: wet* with 1:500 formalin solution and sprinkle 18KG per square meter, and dry* with 1:100 times formalin solution per square meter. The liquid medicine is 36KG, then covered with plastic film or straw thatch. It can use 0.3 kg of 95% sodium disulfonate wettable agent, mix 30 kg of fine *30 kg into the ditch of the direct seeding room, and plant after covering * Or apply 70% pentachloronitrobenzene or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder on the surface of the cabbage before planting the cabbage, and use 1.5 kg per mu, or irrigate 50% methyl when planting vegetables and fruits. Thiophanate WP 500 times liquid, 250 grams of irrigated liquid for each tree, and then watered once a month. Or before planting, irrigate the roots with 2000 times the diluted solution of the cabbage after planting, and use 300KG for 1 acre, and then irrigate the roots once more with an interval of 7-10 days. When planting and farming, irrigate the roots and spray with the root water. Or, before planting, soak the roots of the vegetable seedlings in a 10% cyanamide suspension 800 times liquid for 20 minutes.

3. Disease control

In the early stage of onset, when a small number of diseased plants are seen in the field, irrigate the roots with 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times or 50% triadimefon WP 500 times, which has a good disease control effect. 0.5 kg of liquid medicine per tree. Or use 20% quincrone wettable powder 1000 times solution to spray at the tip of the diseased part, which has a good control effect.

In summary, the content of prevention and treatment of Chinese cabbage root swelling. Friends of Chinese cabbage planters can refer to learning and training. Everyone needs to seek medical treatment before the onset of disease, but there is no way to repair it in the middle and late stages.

根腫病又名天冬根，是白菜等十字花科蔬菜易發的一種真菌性病害，其病原真凶是蕓薹根腫菌。根腐病是世界性具有毀滅性危害的病害，不僅為害大白菜，其寄主植物還包括小白菜、芥菜、紅菜薹、甘藍、球莖甘藍、青花菜、花椰菜、油菜、蘿蔔、櫻桃蘿蔔等眾多十字花科蔬菜，以及野生十字花科雜草。根腫病20世紀50和60年代僅在中國南方部分地區零星發生，如今已經擴散蔓延到全國多數省、市、自治區，四川、重慶、雲南、貴州等地區受根腫病危害嚴重，發生面積廣。根腫病病害流行常常導致菜田減產損失20%——30%，重病田損失會在50%以上，甚至可能導致毀產絕收。

寄主蔬菜受到蕓薹根腫菌的侵染後，根部發病形成腫瘤並逐漸膨大、畸形，腫瘤表面由光滑變粗糙，進而龜裂，凹凸不平，常常會因此遭受到其他雜菌的感染而腐爛發臭，致使受害蔬菜根系的生理功能紊亂或由此喪失，嚴重影響根系對水分和營養物質的吸收和利用功能。

根腫病發病初期，受害蔬菜地上部分症狀表現不明顯，隨著病害的發展，植株逐漸出現生長遲緩，株型矮小，受害植株基部葉片中午前後出現萎蔫，早晚恢復正常似缺水狀。病情發展到最後，植株病葉會乾枯，大白菜和甘藍受害後，表現為包心不足，嚴重時病株枯死。

根腫病發生時，大白菜、小白菜、油菜、甘藍、花椰菜、芥菜等蔬菜的根部受害，其腫瘤多發生在主根及側根上，呈紡錘形、手指形或不規則形。主根上的腫瘤可大如雞蛋，但數量少。側根上的腫瘤可小如米粒或豆粒，常常數個到20幾個像串珠一樣連在一起。蘿蔔、蕪菁等根菜類十字花科蔬菜受害，腫瘤多發生在側根上，主根一般不變形或者是隻在主根的根端產生瘤。

蕓薹根腫菌的休眠孢子囊的抗逆性很強，可以在土壤中存活6——7年。在田間，休眠孢子囊靠雨水、灌溉水以及土壤中地下害蟲的活動並藉助菜農農事作業所使用的勞動工具進行傳播。遠距離甚至省際傳播，則主要通過根系染病後的商品蔬菜、菜苗以及帶菌泥土的轉移和轉運。

蕓薹根腫菌的休眠孢子囊在適宜的條件下，萌發產生遊動孢子，從寄主蔬菜的根毛或幼根侵入到表皮細胞內，發育成變形體和遊動孢子囊，釋放遊動孢子從土壤中侵入寄主根部皮層和形成層的細胞內，至其受病菌的刺激而大量分裂、膨大，導致根部形成腫瘤。受害蔬菜根系的維管束髮育和輸導功能受阻，使受害蔬菜出現地上部分症狀。

南方地區十字花科蔬菜根腫病秋季比春季發生重。長江流域地區，8月中下旬育苗的大白菜苗期開始染病，9月上中旬出現根腫。移栽大田後，病菌開始蔓延，10月中下旬到11月初為盛發期，田間病株達到高峰。

定植日遇降雨、播種或移栽早、低窪黏重土壤地塊、十字花科蔬菜連作地塊、土壤貧瘠等，都是根腫病的易發因素。

2、調節土壤酸鹼度。新增熟石灰調整土壤PH值到弱鹼性，可抑制根腫病的發生。增施熟石灰要與施用充分腐熟的有機肥結合實施，以播種或移栽前7——10天使用為好。發病初期，可使用15%石灰乳灌根，每株使用0.3——0.5升。

3、土壤消毒。夏天高溫時節，在整地之後，覆蓋地膜，使土壤表層下20釐米深度增溫45℃以上，持續20天左右，可消滅大部分病菌，減輕發病。

4、清潔田園。蔬菜收穫後，對田間病株、病根徹底清除，帶出田園外燒燬或新增石灰後深埋。

5、實行輪作。對重病地塊，實行5——6年輪作，春夏季可與茄果類、瓜類或豆類蔬菜輪作，秋冬可與菠菜、萵苣和蔥蒜類、韭菜類蔬菜輪作。有條件的地方，最好實行水旱輪作。

6、加強栽培管理。抓好苗期防病，培育壯苗是預防根腫病的關鍵措施。可以採用營養缽或育苗盤使用草炭等基質育苗。播種育苗前，要做好基質消毒。移栽定植時，選擇晴天進行，注意淘汰病弱苗。採用深溝高畦栽培，雨後注意排水。調整播種時間，避免早播。在日常管理時，注意勤中耕、勤除草，增施有機肥和磷、鉀肥，提高植株抗病性。

7、選用抗病豐產品種。含芥子油高的大白菜品種CR欣欣、CR燦光、CR福臨、金耀、青麻葉、青慶、綠寶、西園6號等較耐根腫病。可以播種前根據地方實際選擇適合自己的品種。

8、藥劑防治。病田每畝可用75%五氯硝基苯可溼性粉劑2——3公斤，或75%棉隆可溼性粉劑6——7公斤，或50%氯溴異氰尿酸可溶性粉劑2——3公斤，拌細土40——50公斤，條施播種溝或定植穴內。也可以使用50%氟啶胺懸浮劑300毫升，兌水60升對播種溝或定植穴噴霧，然後混土10——15釐米深，對土壤消毒。還可以運用75%五氯硝基苯可溼性粉劑700——1000倍液，或80%代森鋅可溼性粉劑600倍液在移栽定植前每穴澆灌藥液0.25——0.5升，或在田間發病時澆灌病株。