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    定語從句也稱關係從句、形容詞性從句,一個句子跟在一名詞或代詞(先行詞)後進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。通俗來講,從句在整個句子中做定語,這個從句就叫做定語從句。


    從句在主句中充當定語成分,被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。


    1、關係代詞引導的定語從句


    ①who, whom, that


    這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:


    Is he the man who/that wants to see you?


    他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)


    He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.


    他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)


    ②Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:


    They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.


    那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。


    Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.


    請遞給我那本綠皮的書。


    ③which, that


    它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:


    A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.


    農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)


    The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.


    你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語)


    2、關係副詞引導的定語從句


    關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。


    ①when, where,why


    關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.


    There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.


    任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。


    Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.


    北京是我的出生地。


    Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?


    這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?


    ②that代替關係副詞


    that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:


    His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.


    他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

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