關係代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導從句的關聯詞。
它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。
關係副詞
1.關係副詞兼有副詞與連線詞兩種作用。
2.關係副詞所引導的形容詞子句用於修飾主要子句中的某一名詞或代名詞,被修飾的詞稱作先行詞,關係副詞要放在先行詞之後。
3.關係副詞主要有四個,即when, where, why, how。此外the也可作關係副詞引導副詞子句。
Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?
你能告訴我去動物園的路嗎?
the way是先行詞。
This is the place where(that) I first met her.
這是我第一次見到她的地方。
在口語中that可以充當關係副詞,代替when, why, how,只有先行詞是the place時,才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work?
B:The sooner (we start), the better (it will be).
我們該開什麼時候應始工作? 越早越好。
the作關係副詞是引導副詞子句,句子結構一般為:The+比較級...+the+比較級...,第一個the是關係副詞。
4.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行詞時可以被省略,其後的子句不再是形容詞子句,而變成名詞子句或副詞子句。
中文:這是他出生的地方。
This is where he was born.
where he was born是名詞子句。
This is the place where he was born.
where he was born是形容詞子句。
中文:我將在第一次見到她的地方見她。
I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.
where I first met her是形容詞子句。
I'll meet her where I first met her.
where I first met her是副詞子句。
5.關係副詞有限定用法,指的是關係副詞引導的形容詞子句只修飾先行詞。
We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.
我們在學校裡上學的那些日子裡很快樂。
6.關係副詞有補述用法,即關係副詞引導的是對等子句而不是形容詞子句,主要用於對主要子句中的不足之處加以補充,前面都要加逗點與主要子句分開。
Tom got married the day before yesterday, when it was his birthday too.
湯姆前天結婚了,那天也是他的生日。
7.wherever,whenever,however是複合關係副詞,表示"不論",引導一個修飾主要子句裡的動詞的副詞子句,可加強語氣或表示讓步。
【參見關係形容詞】
Wherever he goes, he would bring an umbrella with him.
不論他去那裡,他都帶著一把雨傘。
18.3 判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯絡在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1變為肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變為肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關係代詞,所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum片語,可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。
關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關係代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關係副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語)
關係代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導從句的關聯詞。
它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。
關係副詞
1.關係副詞兼有副詞與連線詞兩種作用。
2.關係副詞所引導的形容詞子句用於修飾主要子句中的某一名詞或代名詞,被修飾的詞稱作先行詞,關係副詞要放在先行詞之後。
3.關係副詞主要有四個,即when, where, why, how。此外the也可作關係副詞引導副詞子句。
Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?
你能告訴我去動物園的路嗎?
the way是先行詞。
This is the place where(that) I first met her.
這是我第一次見到她的地方。
在口語中that可以充當關係副詞,代替when, why, how,只有先行詞是the place時,才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work?
B:The sooner (we start), the better (it will be).
我們該開什麼時候應始工作? 越早越好。
the作關係副詞是引導副詞子句,句子結構一般為:The+比較級...+the+比較級...,第一個the是關係副詞。
4.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行詞時可以被省略,其後的子句不再是形容詞子句,而變成名詞子句或副詞子句。
中文:這是他出生的地方。
This is where he was born.
where he was born是名詞子句。
This is the place where he was born.
where he was born是形容詞子句。
中文:我將在第一次見到她的地方見她。
I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.
where I first met her是形容詞子句。
I'll meet her where I first met her.
where I first met her是副詞子句。
5.關係副詞有限定用法,指的是關係副詞引導的形容詞子句只修飾先行詞。
We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.
我們在學校裡上學的那些日子裡很快樂。
6.關係副詞有補述用法,即關係副詞引導的是對等子句而不是形容詞子句,主要用於對主要子句中的不足之處加以補充,前面都要加逗點與主要子句分開。
Tom got married the day before yesterday, when it was his birthday too.
湯姆前天結婚了,那天也是他的生日。
7.wherever,whenever,however是複合關係副詞,表示"不論",引導一個修飾主要子句裡的動詞的副詞子句,可加強語氣或表示讓步。
【參見關係形容詞】
Wherever he goes, he would bring an umbrella with him.
不論他去那裡,他都帶著一把雨傘。
18.3 判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯絡在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1變為肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變為肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關係代詞,所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum片語,可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。
關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關係代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關係副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語)