mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1) as 'first_object';+-----------------+| first_object |+-----------------+| ["query_block"] |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第二級：
mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1,'$.query_block') as 'second_object';+-------------------------------------+| second_object |+-------------------------------------+| ["table", "cost_info", "select_id"] |+-------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第三級：
mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1,'$.query_block.table') as 'third_object'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************third_object: ["key","ref","filtered","cost_info","key_length","table_name","access_type","used_columns","possible_keys","used_key_parts","rows_examined_per_scan","rows_produced_per_join"]1 row in set (0.01 sec)
第四級：
mysql> select json_extract(@json_str1,'$.query_block.table.cost_info') as 'forth_object'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************forth_object: {"eval_cost":"0.20","read_cost":"0.00","prefix_cost":"0.00","data_read_per_join":"176"}1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我們知道，JSON是一種輕量級的資料互動的格式，大部分NO SQL資料庫的儲存都用JSON。MySQL從5.7開始支援JSON格式的資料儲存，並且新增了很多JSON相關函式。MySQL 8.0 又帶來了一個新的把JSON轉換為TABLE的函式JSON_TABLE，實現了JSON到表的轉換。
舉例一
我們看下簡單的例子：
簡單定義一個兩級JSON 物件
mysql> set @ytt='{"name":[{"a":"ytt","b":"action"}, {"a":"dble","b":"shard"},{"a":"mysql","b":"oracle"}]}';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
第一級：
mysql> select json_keys(@ytt);+-----------------+| json_keys(@ytt) |+-----------------+| ["name"] |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第二級：
mysql> select json_keys(@ytt,'$.name[0]');+-----------------------------+| json_keys(@ytt,'$.name[0]') |+-----------------------------+| ["a", "b"] |+-----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我們使用MySQL 8.0 的JSON_TABLE 來轉換 @ytt。
mysql> select * from json_table(@ytt,'$.name[*]' columns (f1 varchar(10) path '$.a', f2 varchar(10) path '$.b')) as tt;
+-------+--------+
| f1 | f2 |
+-------+--------+
| ytt | action |
| dble | shard |
| mysql | oracle |
+-------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
舉例二
再來一個複雜點的例子，用的是EXPLAIN 的JSON結果集。
JSON 串 @json_str1。
set @json_str1 = ' { "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost_info": { "query_cost": "1.00" }, "table": { "table_name": "bigtable", "access_type": "const", "possible_keys": [ "id" ], "key": "id", "used_key_parts": [ "id" ], "key_length": "8", "ref": [ "const" ], "rows_examined_per_scan": 1, "rows_produced_per_join": 1, "filtered": "100.00", "cost_info": { "read_cost": "0.00", "eval_cost": "0.20", "prefix_cost": "0.00", "data_read_per_join": "176" }, "used_columns": [ "id", "log_time", "str1", "str2" ] } }}';
第一級：
mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1) as 'first_object';+-----------------+| first_object |+-----------------+| ["query_block"] |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第二級：
mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1,'$.query_block') as 'second_object';+-------------------------------------+| second_object |+-------------------------------------+| ["table", "cost_info", "select_id"] |+-------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第三級：
mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1,'$.query_block.table') as 'third_object'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************third_object: ["key","ref","filtered","cost_info","key_length","table_name","access_type","used_columns","possible_keys","used_key_parts","rows_examined_per_scan","rows_produced_per_join"]1 row in set (0.01 sec)
第四級：
mysql> select json_extract(@json_str1,'$.query_block.table.cost_info') as 'forth_object'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************forth_object: {"eval_cost":"0.20","read_cost":"0.00","prefix_cost":"0.00","data_read_per_join":"176"}1 row in set (0.00 sec)
那我們把這個JSON 串轉換為表。
SELECT * FROM JSON_TABLE(@json_str1,
"$.query_block"
COLUMNS(
rowid FOR ORDINALITY,
NESTED PATH '$.table'
COLUMNS (
a1_1 varchar(100) PATH '$.key',
a1_2 varchar(100) PATH '$.ref[0]',
a1_3 varchar(100) PATH '$.filtered',
nested path '$.cost_info'
columns (
a2_1 varchar(100) PATH '$.eval_cost' ,
a2_2 varchar(100) PATH '$.read_cost',
a2_3 varchar(100) PATH '$.prefix_cost',
a2_4 varchar(100) PATH '$.data_read_per_join'
),
a3 varchar(100) PATH '$.key_length',
a4 varchar(100) PATH '$.table_name',
a5 varchar(100) PATH '$.access_type',
a6 varchar(100) PATH '$.used_key_parts[0]',
a7 varchar(100) PATH '$.rows_examined_per_scan',
a8 varchar(100) PATH '$.rows_produced_per_join',
a9 varchar(100) PATH '$.key'
),
NESTED PATH '$.cost_info'
columns (
b1_1 varchar(100) path '$.query_cost'
),
c INT path "$.select_id"
)
) AS tt;
+-------+------+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| rowid | a1_1 | a1_2 | a1_3 | a2_1 | a2_2 | a2_3 | a2_4 | a3 | a4 | a5 | a6 | a7 | a8 | a9 | b1_1 | c |
+-------+------+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 1 | id | const | 100.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 176 | 8 | bigtable | const | id | 1 | 1 | id | NULL | 1 |
| 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1.00 | 1 |
+-------+------+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
當然，JSON_table 函式還有其他的用法，我這裡不一一列舉了，詳細的參考手冊。