不定式(to do)具有副詞性質,可以在句中充當狀語,表示目的、結果、原因等。
一、不定式充當目的狀語,可替換為 in oder to, so as to, so (such) ... as to 等。舉例:
He stood up to / in oder to / so as to be seen better. 他站起來以便大家能更清楚地看到他。
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他跑得飛快以便能趕上首班車。
二、不定式充當結果狀語。舉例:
What have I said to make you angry? 我到底說啥了,讓你這麼生氣?
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他滿屋子找,卻一無所獲。
三、不定式充當原因狀語。舉例:
I'm glad to see you. 我很高興見到你。
四、too...to... 結構,too 修飾形容詞或副詞,不定式表示否定含義。舉例:
The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太沉,我搬不動。
五、only too...to... 或否定詞+too...to... 結構,too 修飾形容詞或副詞,不定式表示肯定含義。舉例:
I am only too pleased to help you. 能幫助您,我感到十分榮幸!
We are never too old to learn. 活到老,學到老。
六、enough to... 結構,enough 後置修飾形容詞或副詞,意思是“足以……”。舉例:
The boy is old enough to go to school. 孩子這麼大了,該上學了。
七、不定式有些約定俗成的說法,可以用作獨立狀語,主要有:
to tell the truth / to be honest 說實話
to cut a long story short 長話短說
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
to be sure 可以肯定的是
to be frank 坦率地說
舉例:
To be honest, the pay isn't attractive enough. 說實話,工資不夠誘人
不定式(to do)具有副詞性質,可以在句中充當狀語,表示目的、結果、原因等。
一、不定式充當目的狀語,可替換為 in oder to, so as to, so (such) ... as to 等。舉例:
He stood up to / in oder to / so as to be seen better. 他站起來以便大家能更清楚地看到他。
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他跑得飛快以便能趕上首班車。
二、不定式充當結果狀語。舉例:
What have I said to make you angry? 我到底說啥了,讓你這麼生氣?
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他滿屋子找,卻一無所獲。
三、不定式充當原因狀語。舉例:
I'm glad to see you. 我很高興見到你。
四、too...to... 結構,too 修飾形容詞或副詞,不定式表示否定含義。舉例:
The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太沉,我搬不動。
五、only too...to... 或否定詞+too...to... 結構,too 修飾形容詞或副詞,不定式表示肯定含義。舉例:
I am only too pleased to help you. 能幫助您,我感到十分榮幸!
We are never too old to learn. 活到老,學到老。
六、enough to... 結構,enough 後置修飾形容詞或副詞,意思是“足以……”。舉例:
The boy is old enough to go to school. 孩子這麼大了,該上學了。
七、不定式有些約定俗成的說法,可以用作獨立狀語,主要有:
to tell the truth / to be honest 說實話
to cut a long story short 長話短說
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
to be sure 可以肯定的是
to be frank 坦率地說
舉例:
To be honest, the pay isn't attractive enough. 說實話,工資不夠誘人