道是宇宙的總本源、總規律;也是事物發展的目標、方向和規則。萬物都由大道而生,所以現實生活中處處都是道。雖然我們每天都走在不同的道上,但不論走什麼道,都要有方向和目標——沒有方向就會迷路,沒有目標就會流浪。人首先要解決的就是方向和目標的問題。
古往今來,生活中有政道、商道、家道等各種各樣的規則,連走路開車都有走路開車的規則。所以,老子講“道”不是為了講虛無縹緲的境界,而是在非常實際地給大家講“規則”——因為我們都知道,做任何事都要制定規則,一個只講境界不講規則的社會是沒有希望的。在規則的基礎上,就算只是走路也應該走出境界。比如,路窄時側側身,讓別人也好透過;進門時把門開啟,便於後來者進入;有人跌倒,我們攙扶起他……這都是人道的規則。“人”這個字是一撇一捺,原本就需要相互扶持;而人道的規則是大道規則和境界的自然延伸,道是有邊界的,這個邊界叫紅線或底限。所以,做人做事不要試圖逾越大道,因為道外往往就是懸崖絕壁;慎重於邊界,我們做事才沒有危險和失敗。
老子在《道德經》裡只用了一個“道”字,就講明瞭方向和目標、規則和境界以及紅線和底限,“道”是我們修身、治國、平天下,乃至日常工作、生活、教育中最重要的一個字!“道”這個概念,不要說在中國文化中,就算放眼全世界各民族的文化,也再沒有能超越它所蘊含的深刻和豐富的內涵了——這在中國文化中非常了不得的一件事。
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TheTao is the general source and law of the universe;is also the goal, directionand rules of the development of things.Everything is created by the Tao,so inreal life there is full of Tao.Although we walk on the different paths everyday,no matter what road you take, we should have a direction and a goal——Ifthere is no direction, you will get lost. If there is no goal, you willwander.The first thing people have to solve is the problem of direction andgoal.
From ancient to modern times,thereare all kinds of rules in life, such as politics, business, family and soon,even walking and driving have the rules as well.So,the Tao LaoTzu expoundedis not to tell about the ethereal realm,but to tell about the rules in a verypractical way——Because we all know that we should establish the rule foreverything,there is no hope for a society that only stresses realm but notrules.On the basis of rules, even if you just walk, you should walk out of therealm.For example,when the road become narrow,turn sideways to let otherspass;Open the door when you enter, so that later comers can enter;when someonefall and we help him up…… It's all the rules of humanity.The word “people”, one stroke to the left and another to the right,that means human beingsneed to support each other,the rule of humanity is the natural extension of therule and realm of the Tao,Tao has a boundary, which is called red line orbottom line.Therefore,we can’t try oversteping the Tao when doingthings,because there is steep precipices and cliffs outside the scope ofTao;Only when we are careful at the boundary can we do things without dangerand failure.
LaoTzu only used a word “Tao” in 《Tao Te Ching》to make it clear that the direction and thetarget,the rule and the realm,the red line and the bottom line,Tao is the mostimportant word in the area of cultivating one's moral character, governing thecountry and levelling the world,even in daily work, life and education.Theconception of the Tao,not to mention in Chinese culture, even if we look at thecultures of all nationalities in the world,there's no word can surpass it’sprofound and rich connotation it contains.——Which is an extraordinary thing inChinese culture.