Establishing the importance of the topic:

The topic of natural convection in enclosures is one of the most active areas in heat transfer research today ...

One of the most significant current discussions in nanotechnology is ....

The knowledge of the X in Y is important for an understanding of ...

The X has been investigated by many researchers using ...

In the recent decades, X has been one of the major interesting research subjects due to ...

In the past two decades, X spaces have been studied extensively.

Recent developments in X have heightened the need for ....

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in ....

Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in ....

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in ......

The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many ....

The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of ....

Over the past century there has been a dramatic increase in ....

In the past years, the X has attracted much attention as a ...

The primary goal of turbine cooling research during the past years was to develop

Film cooling on turbine components has been studied since the 1970’s, and...

X has been studied over the latest few decades because ...

General descriptions of the relevant literature:

Researchers have studied the effect of ...

Previous studies have primarily concentrated on …

There have been several studies in the literature reporting ….

A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies .... There is a large volume of published studies describing ....

The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1980s with .... During the past 30 years much more information has become available on ....

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .... A large and growing body of literature has investigated ....

In recent years, several studies have focused on …

Highlighting similar findings：

The research study by Author also found ....

Author also found that ....

Furthermore, Author concluded that ....

Furthermore, Author showed that ....

In addition, according to Author …

In addition, Author showed that …

The finding is consistent with findings of past studies by Author, which .... The above finding is consistent with the study by Author. Author examined… Research finding by Author also points towards..

…is consistent with literature

Summarising the findings：

This study has shown that ....

These findings suggest that in general ....

One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that .... It was also shown that....

This study has found that generally ....

The following conclusions can be drawn from the present study ....

The relevance of X is clearly supported by the current findings.

This study/research has shown that ....

The second major finding was that ....

The results of this investigation show that ....

The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that ....

The following points emerged from the present investigation: 1….. 2…. …,

The main finding can be summarized as follow: 1..2..

The following conclussions can be made: 1..2…

Important conclussions drawn from this work include: 1…2…

The following conclussions were obtained. 1)….2)..

Analysis of the computed results show the following: 1)…..2)…

In summary, the current study unveils just the tip of iceberg of ….

The following is a summary of conclusions. 1…2)…

Recommendations for further work：

This research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation. Further work needs to be done to establish whether ....

It is recommended that further research be undertaken in the following areas: Further experimental investigations are needed to estimate ....

What is now needed is a study involving ....

More broadly, research is also needed to determine ....

Further research might explore/investigate ....

Further research in this field/regarding the role of X would be of great help in ....

Further investigation and experimentation into X is strongly recommended. A number of

possible future studies using the same experimental set up are apparent. It would be interesting to assess the effects of ....

More information on X would help us to establish a greater degree of accuracy on this matter.

If the debate is to be moved forward, a better understanding of .... needs to be developed.

These findings provide the following insights for future research: ....