教學內容：英文寫作

適合人群：英語教師、英語專業學生、初高中生等

反覆和排比是提高英語表達的兩種方式，兩者相似，但略有不同。反覆往往是一定詞彙的重複。兩種方式都會加強語言的表達，使句子較有文采，而排比往往是指一定的結構，詞彙可能不重複，不相同，但結構是重複的或相同的

反覆：

1、主語並列：

如果主語相似，或可以並列連線同一個謂語動詞，則體現出來的語氣會非常的直接、有力。這樣的句式，在英文中叫repetition，中文叫“反覆”，屬於一種修辭。

Parents, educators, physicians, and researchers began to question what the impact of these changes might be.

Huge amounts of money, large-scale infrastructure construction, and technical assistance all appear to be an ideal solution.

2、表語並列：

多個表語（比如形容詞）並列描述主語的狀態或特點，句子的語氣會非常強烈。

The game-show contestant was told to be cheerful, charming, and enthusiastic.

3、形容詞重複：

形容詞並列或相同形容詞修飾不同名詞也會構成一種repetition（反覆）修辭，語言上會形成一種力量和品位。

Playing violent games leads to increased physiological arousal, increased aggressive thoughts, increased aggressive feelings, increased aggressive behaviors, and decreased prosocial helping.

4、動詞並列：

不同動詞之間並列，引出相似的但不相同的賓語，是repetition裡面最有力量的一個。

The good reasons for studying abroad are fairly straightforward: It is an experience that will help broaden a student's worldview, provide opportunities to travel and meet new people, build confidence, and even develop strong foreign language skills.

排比句：

英語的排比跟漢語不同，往往是一個結構的排比，而不是一個句子的排比。

1 Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these stand in our way.

點評：Ruthless in，Cruel to 和indifferent to是三個“形容詞加介詞”形式的排比，詞彙不同，但格式相同。

2 It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.

點評：in memories, in regrets 和in sadness是“介詞加名詞”形式的排比。Be directed to the future 和to things 是反覆。

3 The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and men must be proclaimed and denounced.

點評：must be quickened, must be roused, must be startled, must be exposed 和 must be proclaimed and denounced 既是排比（主系表結構），又是反覆（must詞彙）

4 On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened.

點評：he was angered, and I was saddened.屬於排比，結構相同。

5 The politician is concerned with successful elections, whereas the statesman is interested in the future of his people.

點評：be concerned with和be interested in 是結構相同，屬於排比。

6 In Plato’s opinion man was made for philosophy; in Bacon’s opinion philosophy was made for man.

點評：man was made for philosophy和philosophy was made for man是結構相同，特別是意思相反，屬於排比。

7 My job includes checking the inventory, initialing the orders, and calling the suppliers.

點評：三個doing並列，屬於排比。

8 Grandmother likes to read mystery novels, to do needlepoint, and to browse the Internet on her home computer.

點評：to read mystery novels, to do needlepoint, 和 to browse the Internet是三個不定式並列。屬於排比。

練習：修改句子，使其變成排比句

1 The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and insects that are fake.

答案：hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects才是“定語+名詞”的結構並列。

2 Many people share the same three intense fears: being in high places, working with numbers and speeches.

答案：being in high places, working with numbers and making speeches才是“doing”的結構並列。

3 To decide on a career, students should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and what they are skilled at.

答案：their interests, hobbies, and skills才是“their + 名詞”的結構並列。

4 At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, and red enamel was sprayed on.

答案：painted with primer, and sprayed on with red enamel才是“分詞+介賓短語”的結構並列。

5 In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioned for professional companies.

答案：taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioning for professional companies.才是“doing”的結構並列。

6 Juan’s last job offered security; a better chance for advancement is offered by his new job.

答案：security and a better chance for advancement這倆才是名詞的結構並列。

7 People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or when relaxing at home.

答案：whether on the job, in school, or at home.這三個介詞短語結構才是並列的。

8 My three favorite jobs were veterinary assistant, gardener, and selling toys.

答案：veterinary assistant, gardener, and toy seller.這才是三個職業的並列。

9 The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and was dependent only on his own instincts.

答案：trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended on his own instincts 才是三個動詞的並列。

10 If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, and forests that are dying.

答案：polluted air, contaminated water, and dyingforests 這才是“定語+名詞”的結構並列。

11 Jesse prefers books that are short, scary, and filled with suspense.

答案：short, scary, and full of suspense.才是形容詞的並列。

12 A sale on electrical appliances, furniture for the office, and stereo equipment begins this Friday.

答案：electrical appliances, office furniture, and stereo equipment這才是“定語+名詞”的結構並列。

13 To escape the stresses of everyday life, I rely upon watching television, reading books, and my kitchen.

答案：watching television, reading books, and staying in my kitchen.這是doing的並列，或者rely on television, books, and kitchen這是三個名詞的並列。

14 The keys to improving grades are to take effective notes in class, to plan study time, and preparing carefully for exams.

答案：to take effective notes in class, to plan study time, and to prepare carefully for exams.這是三個to do不定式的並列。

15 Qualities that I look for in friends are a sense of humor, being kind, and dependability.

答案：a sense of humor, kindness, and dependability.是三個名詞的名列。

下面練習無答案：

16 The homeless woman shuffled among the street, bent over to pick something up, and was putting it in her shopping bag.

17 Housekeeping shortcuts will help you speed up doing laundry, cleaning rooms, and food on the table.

18 Studying a little every day is more effective than to cram.

19 The chickens travel on a conveyor belt, where they are plucked, washed, rinsed, and bags are put on them.

20 The speaker impressed the audience because of his clear, reasonable presentation with friendliness as well.

21 Paying college tuition and not studying is as sensible as to buy tickets to a movie and not watching it.

22 The best programming on television includes news coverage, shows on science, and children’s series.

23 Curling overgrown vines, porch furniture that was rotted, and sagging steps were my first impressions of the neglected house.

24 The little girl came home from school with a tear-streaked face, a black eye, and her shirt was torn.

25 There are two ways to the top floor: climb the stairs or taking the elevator.

（完）