12月24日，巴基斯坦聯邦內閣經濟協調委員會批准7390億盧比的卡拉奇城市改造計劃，並批准修改卡西姆港五個碼頭的總體規劃。

目前，“城市更新”的概念被頻繁提及。中國國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃（2021-2025年）明確提出，“實施城市更新行動，推進城市生態修復、功能完善工程，統籌城市規劃、建設、管理，合理確定城市規模、人口密度、空間結構，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。”

什麼是“城市更新”？簡言之，就是對城市中不再適合現代城市社會生活的區域進行長期、持續的改善和提升。城市更新的目標，是用新的城市功能空間取代衰敗的功能空間，使之重新發展和繁榮。

“城市更新”包括兩個方面：一是建築等硬體的改造；二是各種生態環境、空間環境、文化環境、視覺環境、遊憩環境的改造。最終實現恢復舊城活力、增強舊城競爭力的目標。

為什麼要進行城市更新？比如，在一個人的成長過程中，從嬰兒到青年再到成年，再逐漸衰老，慢慢就會出現一些疾病。城市也是如此。隨著城市規模和空間的擴大、人口與功能的集聚，“大城市病”逐漸顯現，如人口密集、交通擁堵、環境惡化、社會問題突出、生活質量下降等。

從近年來世界各國城市更新程序來看，城市更新開始呈現多元化的新趨勢，主要體現在以下三個方面：

一是城市更新主導多元化。從城市更新的主導作用來看，包括政府主導作用、市場主導作用和政企合作。政府主導的城市更新帶有濃厚的福利色彩。大部分資金來自政府。政府提供補貼，對區域更新具有決定性權力。以市場為導向的城市更新以及政企合作，更注重提升商業價值，最佳化資源重組與利用，注入時代新元素，重建區域繁榮。

二是城市更新內涵多元化。既有轉換建築用途的更新，如倉庫更新為辦公樓、工廠更新為公園、辦公樓更新為公寓、商場更新為酒店等，也有在建築原用途不變基礎上的功能提升。

三是城市更新外延多元化。既有單體建築的更新，也有社群片區的更新。單體建築的更新主要是寫字樓更新或公寓更新等，社群、片區的更新主要是歷史街區改造和設立文化創意園區等。

我衷心希望上述資訊能為巴基斯坦朋友在卡拉奇城市更新過程中提供參考。我也衷心祝願巴基斯坦城市，包括卡拉奇，在逐步更新方面取得積極進展，以便透過更新使這些城市恢復活力。

巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇

On December 24, the Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Pakistan Federal Cabinet endorsed Rs.739 billion Karachi Transformation Plan (KTP) and allowed revision in the Master Plan for five terminals at Port Qasim.

According to reports from Pakistani media, now there are many problems in Pakistan's big cities, in particular, the existence and development problems of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, is very prominent. Therefore, the Imran Khan administration is committed to solving the serious problems accumulated in Karachi for many years. As far as I understand, the efforts made by the Pakistani government to transform Karachi are actually “urban renewal”.

Currently, the concept of “urban renewal” has been frequently mentioned. China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development has clearly put forward that “only through the implementation of urban renewal, promotion of urban ecological restoration and functional improvement, overall planning, construction and management of cities, and rational determination of urban scale, population density and spatial structure, can the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and towns be achieved.”

What is “urban renewal”? In short, it is to make a long-term and continuous improvement and enhancement of the areas in the cities that are no longer suitable for modern urban social life. The goal of urban renewal is to replace the decaying functional space with new urban functional space and make it develop and prosper again.

“Urban renewal” includes two aspects: one is the transformation of buildings and other hardware; the other is the transformation of various ecological environment, space environment, cultural environment, visual environment and recreation environment. Finally, the goal of restoring the vitality of the old cities and making them more vigorous and competitive is achieved.

Why do we need urban renewal? For example, some diseases may occur when a person grows from infant to youth and adult, and then gradually ages. The same is true of cities. With the expansion of urban scale and space, the agglomeration of population and function, the “big city disease”, is gradually emerging, such as dense population, traffic congestion, environmental deterioration, prominent social problems, and the decline of quality of life.

From the process of urban renewal around the world in recent years, urban renewal has begun to show a new trend of diversification, which is mainly reflected in three aspects.

First, the leading role of urban renewal is diversified. Such a role is performed by the government, the market and the cooperation between the government and enterprises. The government-led urban renewal has a strong welfare color. Most of the funds come from the government, which provides subsidies and has decisive power for the renewal of areas and processes. The market-oriented urban renewal and the government-enterprise cooperation pay more attention to enhancing the commercial value, optimizing the reorganization and utilization of resources, infusing with the new element of the era, and rebuilding the regional prosperity.

Second, the connotation of urban renewal is diversified. There is not only the renewal of architectural uses, for instance, factory renewal for parks, office building renewal for apartments, shopping mall renewal for hotel, etc., but also the functional improvement on the basis of the original use of the buildings unchanged.

Third, the extension of urban renewal is diversified. There is not only the renewal of single buildings but also the renewal of community areas. The renewal of single buildings mainly includes office building or apartment renewal, while the renewal of communities and districts mainly includes the reconstruction of historical blocks and the establishment of cultural and creative parks.

I sincerely wish the above-mentioned information could serve as a reference for our Pakistan friends in the process of the urban renewal of Karachi. I also sincerely wish that positive progress in the progressive renewal of Pakistan's cities, including Karachi, would be made so that these cities would be rejuvenated through renewal.

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