巴基斯坦統計局12月18日公佈的資料顯示，本財年的7-11月，巴基斯坦紡織品和服裝出口額為60.4億美元，同比增長4.88%，上財年同期為57.6億美元。這意味著，巴基斯坦的紡織品生產和出口已經基本上從新冠肺炎疫情的衝擊中恢復過來，並在數量和價值方面重新回到增長軌道。
巴基斯坦政府最近宣佈一攬子計劃，以幫助紡織業迅速恢復。該計劃包括取消峰值電價，降低額外電力消耗的稅收，並將電價定為0.07美元/單位，天然氣價格定為0.065美元/百萬英熱單位。
巴基斯坦現政府採取特別措施，逐步改善商業環境。為增強紡織工業發展的可持續性，有明確的發展方向和目標，全巴基斯坦紡織廠協會正在制定紡織工業的長期發展戰略。計劃未來5年吸引投資70億美元，使紡織品和服裝出口額增加100%，達到260億美元。
巴基斯坦是世界上第四大棉花生產國、第四大紡織品生產國和第十二大紡織品出口國。紡織業是巴基斯坦最重要的支柱產業和最大的出口產業。近年來，巴基斯坦紡織業一直飽受治安不靖、運營成本高、競爭力下降和國際市場需求低迷的困擾。然而，隨著中巴經濟走廊建設的持續推進，巴基斯坦紡織工業的發展有著光明的前景。
據我觀察，巴基斯坦的紡織品生產和出口具有以下三個優勢：
一是紡織產業鏈比較完整。巴基斯坦是世界上為數不多的擁有全產業鏈生產能力的紡織國家之一。目前，巴基斯坦有軋棉廠1221家、紡紗廠442家、大型紡織服裝廠124家、小型紡織服裝廠425家。棉紗年生產能力約1130萬錠，擁有紡織機械30萬臺、動力織機35萬臺、針織機1.8萬臺。年棉布生產能力52億平方米。巴基斯坦棉花年產量約1300萬包，人造纖維年產量約60萬噸，對苯二甲酸年產量50萬噸。這些都為紡織工業的發展提供了堅實的基礎。
二是產學研佈局相對集中。巴基斯坦60%以上的紡織企業集中在旁遮普省，30%集中在信德省。旁遮普省的費薩拉巴德是著名的紡織工業城市，擁有一個由大、中、小型紡織廠組成的紡織企業集團，其紡織品出口佔全巴紡織品出口總額的58%。巴基斯坦主要的紡織技術機構和設施也集中在該市，包括巴基斯坦農業大學、巴基斯坦國家紡織大學以及棉花和農業科研機構等。
三是行業組織的影響力大。巴基斯坦紡織工業的主要行業組織包括全巴紡織廠協會、全巴紡織加工廠協會和巴基斯坦針織品生產商協會等。由於紡織業在巴基斯坦國民經濟中的支柱地位，全巴紡織廠協會及其各地分會在紡織業發展中發揮著重要作用。
中國和巴基斯坦都是主要的紡織品生產國和出口國，兩國之間存在一定程度的競爭。但是，兩國的工業發展階段差異為密切合作創造了廣闊的空間。
Data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) on December 18 shows that Pakistan’s textile and clothing exports grew by 4.88 per cent year-on-year to 6.04 billion U.S. dollars between July to November this financial year compared to 5.76 billion U.S. dollars in the same period last financial year. This means that Pakistan's textile production and exports have largely recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic shock and are back on growth trajectory both in terms of the quantity and dollar value.
The Pakistani government has recently announced a lucrative energy package to help textile industry recuperate from the COVID-19 shock. The package does away with peak electricity rates, offers reduced tariffs on additional power consumption, and fixes power price at 0.07 U.S. dollars a unit and gas tariff at 0.065 U.S. dollars per MMBtu.
The present government of Pakistan has taken special measures to gradually improve the business environment. In order to improve the sustainability of the development of the textile industry and have clear direction and objectives, All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) is formulating a long-term development strategy for the textile industry. It plans to attract 7 billion U.S. dollars of investment in the next five years, so as to increase the export volume of textiles and clothing by 100% to26 billionU.S. dollars.
Pakistan is the fourth largest cotton producer, the fourth largest textile producer and the twelfth largest textile exporter in the world. The textile industry is the most important pillar industry and the largest export industry in Pakistan. In recent years, Pakistan's textile industry has been plagued by insecurity, high operating costs, declining competitiveness and sluggish demand in the international market. However, with the steady progress of the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan's textile industry and textile exports have a bright future.
Accordingto my observation, Pakistan's textile production and exports have the following main advantages.
First, the industrial chain is relatively complete. Pakistan is one of the few textile countries in the world with the production capacity of the whole industrial chain. At present, there are 1,221 cotton ginning mills, 442 spinning mills, 124 large-scale textile and garment factories and 425 small-scale textile andgarment factories in Pakistan. The annual production capacity of cotton yarn is about 11.3 million spindles, with a total of 300,000 textile machines, 350,000 power looms and 18,000 knitting machines. The annual cotton cloth production capacity is 5.2 billion square meters, with a total of 700,000 industrial sewing machines. Pakistan's annual cotton production is about 13 million bales, the annual output of man-made fiber is about 600,000 tons, and the annual output of terephthalic acid is 500,000 tons. All these provide a solid foundation for the development of the textile industry.
Second, the distribution of production and research is relatively concentrated. More than 60% of Pakistan's textile enterprises are concentrated in Punjab and 30%in Sindh. Faisalabad in Punjab Province is a famous textile industrial city. It has a textile enterprise group composed of large, medium and small textile mills and workshops. Its textile exports account for 58% of Pakistan's total textile exports. Pakistan's main textile technology institutions and facilities are also concentrated in the city, including University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), National Textile University (NTU), and cotton and agricultural research institutions.
Third, industry organizations have great influence. The main trade organizations of Pakistan textile industry include All Pakistan Textile Mills Association, All Pakistan Textile Processing Mills Association and Pakistan Knitwear Manufacturers Association. Due to the pillar position of the textile industry in Pakistan's national economy, All Pakistan Textile Mills Association and its local branches play an important role in the development of Pakistan's textile industry.
Both China and Pakistan are major textile producers and exporters, and there is acertain degree of competition between the two countries. However, the differences at stage of industrial development between the two countries also create a broad space for close cooperation.
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