印度和中國同為世界人口大國，西方人一直將印度和中國作為比較的物件，從軍事、經濟、科技、人文歷史等領域總要和中國比較一番。在美國Quora問答平臺上，有人提出問題：古代中國文明比古代印度文明更先進嗎？這一問題引發了印度精英的積極迴應，整個評論區非常高能。

Sanchayan Sarkar, PhD Research Fellow at University of Pittsburgh (2017-present)

Sanchayan Sarkar 匹茲堡大學博士研究員（2017年至今）

No. Certainly more documented but not more advanced. The Indian Civilisation dates to over 7500 BC according to current archaeological facts. The oldest site of civilised Indus Saraswati City is Bhirrana (7500 BC). Please note that artefacts from the underwater sites of Dwarka has been found over 32000 BC and the site itself is predicted around 12000 BC. That takes it before the Ice Age melting around 10000 BC. Note that the Dwarka excavation is still under progress and the facts are empirical in nature.

Coming to the Indus Valley Civilisation, it has been proved that they are the largest occupying civilisation of the early bronze age with exceptional engineering and urban planning, high sophistication in creation of public places like baths (Bath of Mohenjo Daro) , Granaries of Harappa and perfectly aligned brick houses. The Dholavera site has also excavated a stadium of the biggest proportion in the ancient world. Not just that reservoirs , underground running water drainage system , Toilets and many such structures were refined. There is no parallel to that in any other civilisation. Not just that , the social order of the civilisation was advanced in the way that the priest formed the highest tier, yoga is depicted there and spiritual knowledge existed. They also had seals , weighted trade coins , etc.

China has no such contemporary history . China’s history co-incides with the Iron Age of India and it does not match with India . Chinese scholars themselves praised universities like Nalanda and Taxilla in India and the greatness of the Indian empires like Guptas and the Pallavas. Indian rock cut archtiecture was at the finest in the world at that time. Indian metal was the finest in the world. India had plenty of water trade routes and that meant large navies and ships. The Cholas , Pandyas , Guptas , Mauryas had all powerful navies.

不。當然了中國的文字記載更多，但並沒有更發達。根據目前的考古資料，印度文明可追溯到公元前7500年。薩拉斯瓦蒂文明古國最古老的遺址是比拉那(公元前7500年)。請注意，水下遺址的人工製品可追溯到公元前32000年，而遺址本身預計在公元前12000年左右。比公元前10000年左右的冰河時代融化還要早。需要注意的是德瓦卡的挖掘工作仍在進行中。

現在說說印度河流域文明，已經證實他們是最大的青銅時代早期文明，擁有超高水平的工程和城市規劃，公共場所如(Mohenjo Daro浴室)、哈拉帕穀倉和完全一致的磚房的建設非常複雜。Dholavera遺址還出土了古代世介面積最大的體育場。不僅僅是水庫，地下自來水排水系統，廁所和許多這樣的建築也得到了改善。不僅如此，社會文明的秩序也得到了發展，祭司成了最高統治者，出現了瑜伽和精神知識。當時也出現了印章，貿易硬幣等。

中國沒有這樣的現代史。中國的歷史與印度的鐵器時代並存，與印度的歷史不相匹配。中國學者也稱讚印度的那爛陀和塔西拉等大學，以及古普塔和帕拉瓦等印度帝國的偉大。印度的石刻建築在當時是世界上最為出色的。印度金屬是世界上品質最佳的。印度有大量的水上貿易路線，這意味著大型海軍和船隻。朱羅王朝、潘迪亞王朝、古普塔斯王朝、孔雀王朝都有強大的海軍。

Spiritual knowledge in India is the most sophisticated. It’s not bragging but it’s true and all eastern philosophies were heavily influenced by India . China did not influence India but India influenced China , Japan , South East Asia , Korea and also west Asia. China invented paper but India used barks of tree to record. India was extremely advanced in mathematics rivalling the Egyptians and the Greeks. Both Vedic Maths and Classical Maths were advanced in India. Infact the Persians and the Arabic people borrowed a lot of maths from India. The decimal number system evolved in India , binary numbers evolved in India . India utilised value of PI much before any europeans.

Indian epics were the oldest and the longest. The Mahabharata is the longest epic in the world till date. Now this is the current history .If you follow the Vedic history , then the civilisation is far more advanced. Ayodhya , Dwarka and Bharatavarsha were the grandest empires in the world.

印度的精神知識是最複雜的。不是吹牛，這是真的，所有東方哲學都深受印度的影響。中國沒有影響印度，但印度影響了中國、日本、東南亞、南韓和西亞。中國發明了紙，而印度用樹皮來記錄。印度數學極為先進，可與埃及人和希臘人相匹敵。印度的吠陀數學和古典數學很先進。事實上，波斯人和阿拉伯人從印度借用了大量數學知識。十進位制在印度出現，二進位制在印度出現。印度對圓周率的使用遠遠早於任何歐洲國家。

印度史詩是最古老、最長的。《摩訶婆羅多》是迄今為止世界上最長的史詩。如果你研究吠陀的歷史，那麼文明要發達得多。阿約提亞、德瓦爾卡和巴拉塔-瓦沙是世界上最偉大的帝國。

Akshit Singh, B.A. History, St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi (2018)

阿克希特·辛格 德里大學聖斯蒂芬學院歷史學士（2018）

In the Ancient China, there were many philosophical groups like Confucianisn, Taoism , Buddhism , Legalism, but Confucianism were more prevalant and effective.

Confucianism can be characterized as a system of social and ethical philosophy built on ancient religious foundations to establish the social values, institutions, and transcendent ideals of traditional Chinese society.

I’ll list out some features of Confucianism and will compare with Ancient Indian Civilisation :

在中國古代，有許多哲學團體，如儒家、道教、佛教、法家，但儒家思想更為普遍和有效。

儒家思想可以被描述為一種建立在古代宗教基礎上的社會和倫理哲學體系，它確立了中國傳統社會的社會價值、制度和卓越理想。

我會列出儒家思想的一些特點，並將其與古印度文明相比較：

1.Confucius believed that the quality and merits of individuals were greater than the circumstances of his birth and environment , but in Indian Ancient Civilisation , all the respactable jobs were hereditary and were trasferred from father to son. Farmers son will become a farmer and nobles king will get a good respectable job in the kingdom.

2.Law, according to Confucianism, was concerned with not how to sort out the rights and wrongs of each case but how to re-establish social harmony. Penalties were more like social rites than individual punishments. The custom oriented, practical nature of the law was apparent in the fact that no separate court system existed ,

severe corporal and capital punishment was illegal, the state seldom interfered with clan justice. , but in Indian Subcontinent, the land was diverse which was ruled over by many kings, so there was no uniformity and moreover we cannot find this kind of law and order as it is in Confucianism.

1.孔子認為，個人的素質和品德比他的出身和所處的環境重要得多，但在印度的古代文明中，所有體面的工作都是世襲的，由父親傳給兒子。農民的兒子長大後是農民，貴族國王沿襲體面的王國內的工作。

2.根據儒家思想，法律關注的不是如何辨別是非，而是如何重建社會和諧。懲罰更像是社會儀式而不是個人懲罰。法律以習俗為導向，實用性明顯，沒有專門的法院系統，嚴重的體罰和死刑是非法的，國家很少干涉氏族司法。但是在印度次大陸，領土由許多國王統治，沒有統一，我們也找不到這種法律和秩序，因為那是儒家思想。

3.The attitude that the Chinese had of superiority and self sufficiency and looking upon foreigners as ‘barbarians’, led the western scholars to coin the term ‘Sinocentrism’ to describe the way the Chinese perceived themselves.

All countries that desired relations with China had to accept the tributary system, while in Indian Subcontinent , there were no centralisation of power and every kindom had their own rituals and ethics , that means no uniformity.

4.Society was traditionally divided into four occupational classes. Highest of all were the scholar administrator (shi); peasants (nung), artisans (kung) and lastly the merchants (shang). Above these four orders were go nment bureaucrats and below were the ‘degraded’ people, who were denied the rights enjoyed by the common people.

These were actors, prostitutes, soldiers, yamen messengers, vagrants etc. Traders were not given priviledge earlier because the economy of China was well eqipped,but in Indian Subcontinent we found trade from many countries like Rome , Middle East which opened the way for foreigners to intervene.

3.中國人有優越感和自給自足的態度，視外國人為“蠻人”，這使得西方學者創造了“中國中心主義”這個術語來描述中國人對自己的看法。所有希望與中國建立關係的國家都必須接受朝貢制度，而在印度次大陸，沒有中央集全，每個王國都有自己的宗教和倫理，這意味著不統一。

4.社會傳統上分為四種職業。其中最高的是士大夫、農民(農)、工匠(工)，最後是商人(商)。這四個等級以上是官吏，之下是“下賤”的人，他們被剝奪了老百姓所享有的權利。這些人包括戲子、妓女、士兵、衙役、流浪漢等。早些時候，由於中國經濟發展良好，貿易商並沒有得到特權，但在印度次大陸，我們與許多國家展開了貿易，比如羅馬，中東，這為外國干涉打開了大門。

We cannot say that the Confucianism was the best but if we see in total Confucianism had more pros than Indian Ancient Civilisation.

Confucius - founder of Confucianism

我們不能說儒家思想是最好的，但如果我們總體觀察，儒家思想比印度古代文明具有更多的優點。

孔子—儒家思想的創始人。

Damon Kent 達蒙.肯特

What do you mean when you are talking the civilization?

Which country has more complex artworks?

Which country has more princely buildings?

Which country has more militarist?

which country has more treasure?

That is pointless!

I think China is more advanced than India in Ancient age, For:

China has the continuous honest history, not myth or epic.

Even most of the India ancient history are reform according the China historical records.

India's ancient history is created by Indian, recorded by Chinese, explored ruins by British.

你指的文明是什麼意思?

哪個國家的藝術品更精美?

哪個國家有更多的貴族建築?

哪個國家有更多的軍國主義分子?

哪個國家有更多的寶藏?

那是沒有意義的!

我認為中國在古代比印度更先進，因為:

中國有著悠久而可靠的歷史，而不是神話或史詩。

就連大部分印度古代史都是根據《中國史記》改編的。

印度的古代歷史是由印度人創造，中國人記錄，英國人探索的廢墟。

Vdhay Kumar N, Consultant at Oil and Gas Industry (2017-present)

維德.庫馬爾 石油天然氣行業顧問（2017年至今）

It's hard to answer such questions india and china both are ancient cultures and have Large history of inventions & innovations.

India did a lot on yoga, mathematics, philosophy , astronomy, medicine etc. Chinese did lots of inventions like paper, gun powder, compass etc. they have also did lots of

research on indian scriptures and translations to their language and are successful in developing it to a new level. Many chinese museums have India's oldest scriptures collected by people like xuang xang etc and are restored perfectly.

Buddha was from india, Chinese have spread it entire east, kalari a form of martial art in Southern India was developed into khumfu, karate etc by Chinese.

這樣的問題很難回答，印度和中國都是古老的文化，有著悠久的發明和創新歷史。

印度在瑜伽、數學、哲學、天文學、醫學等方面很有造詣。中國人發明了很多東西，比如紙、火藥、指南針等等。他們還研究了很多印度經文，並把它們翻譯成自己的語言。中國的許多博物館都有玄奘等人收藏的印度最古老的經文，而且修復得很完美。

佛祖來自印度，中國人把它傳播到整個東方，卡拉利是印度南部的一種武術形式，被中國人發展成功夫，空手道等。

Guo Yang 郭洋

Ancient China is far ahead of India, territorial expansion to Central Asia, Europe has a lot of records about ancient China, China has a history of more than two thousand years, India's history has come to China to visit (India itself has no detailed historical records, because they Like the mythology as history.) Chinese culture affects South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Central Asia. Ancient China despise India, ancient Indian culture has long been destroyed, alien invasion and so on. China, South Korea, Malaysia, Malaysian Chinese, Thai Chinese, Indonesian Chinese, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China are among the countries that are influenced by Confucian culture. The However, most of India's culture is influenced by religion, and China is deeply influenced by Confucius philosophy

古代中國遠遠領先於印度，其領土擴張到中亞，歐洲有很多關於古代中國的記錄,中國有二千多年的歷史，印度的歷史要到中國來尋找(印度自身沒有詳細的歷史記錄，因為他們喜歡神話歷史)中國文化影響了南韓、日本、東南亞、中亞。古代中國輕視印度，古代印度文化早已被外來入侵摧毀。中國、南韓、馬來西亞、馬來西亞華人、泰國華人、印尼華人都受儒家文化影響。然而，印度的大部分文化受宗教影響，而中國深受孔子哲學的影響。

Alexander Tan 亞歷山大·譚

As a Chinese person, India was more sophisticated than China in ancient times. Why?

During the Ancient period, the most sophisticated civilization was the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Persia shared a border with India, letting India receive much of their innovations. China did not have the advantage of an already advanced civilization bordering them.

However in the late ancient period when Han China was in power, then definitely China was more sophisticated. Chinese inventions are always being recorded, whereas Indian advancements were mostly cultural (at least those recorded). Chinese had more physical development.

我是中國人，印度在古代比中國更發達。為什麼?

在古代，最發達的文明是阿契美尼德波斯帝國。波斯與印度接壤，使印度接受了他們的許多發明。中國不具備與已經很先進的文明接壤的的優勢。

然而，在漢朝統治時期，中國顯然更加發達。中國的發明被記錄了下來，而印度的進步主要是文化上的(至少那些被記錄下來了)。中國人則有更多的自然科學方面的研究。

Kush Rajput, Good Knowledge of History and Civilization of India.

庫什·拉吉普特 了解印度的歷史和文明

The origin of all the civilizations is India or you can Say Bharatvarsh(Ancient name of India). So if India was the first civilized country then it would be more advance than Chinese Civilizations as per my Knowledge. As I know about the histories of India, it is a country of Gods, Scientist, Technologies and lot more. But now days its going back from those things and India is following the westernization which will lead us toward the hell. I hope you will be satisfied with the given answer.

所有文明的起源都是印度，或者你可以說Bharatvarsh(古印度)。所以，如果印度是第一個文明國家，那麼根據我的知識，它比中國文明更先進。據我對印度歷史的了解，這是一個神、科學家、技術和更多東西的國家。但現在這些都是往日雲煙了，印度在西方化，這將把我們引向地獄。我希望你會對給出的答案感到滿意。

Raisal Ven, History buff 麗莎 歷史愛好者

In terms of soft culture? Only Greece matched India, with all the religions, philosophy, debates, culture, etc.

軟文化方面？只有希臘能與印度匹敵，包括所有的宗教、哲學、辯論、文化等等。

Orz Chin

The toilets in India are better than in China

印度的廁所比中國的好

Vikash Tewarie, Counsellor (1992-present) 維卡什·特瓦里 顧問（1992至今）

To keep it short and simple, ponder about this quote from Chinese ambassador and philosopher, Hu Shih: “India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border”

簡而言之，讓我們來思考一下中國大使和哲學家胡適的這句話：“印度無需派出一兵一卒，就在文化上征服和統治了中國20個世紀。”

Kimberly Keith 金伯利·基思

Hieroglyphics from Ancient Egypt are dating back nearly 30,000 years, making them older than Vinca script in Europe, which is only 7000 years. That is my response to Justin Green's answer, which is incorrect. Furthermore, Ancient India is responsible for many religions, philosophies, technologies, and cultural traditions in China. The ancient Chinese learned from ancient Indians

古埃及的象形文字可以追溯到3萬年前，比歐洲的溫卡文字還要古老，而歐洲的溫卡文字只有7000年的歷史。這是我對Justin Green的迴應，他說的是不正確的。此外，古印度是中國許多宗教、哲學、技術和文化傳統的發源地。古代中國人向古代印度人學習。

Danethy Neutron

No, Ancient India acquired farming, literacy, and a written script BEFORE the Ancient Chinese; they also had a larger civilization and population then Ancient China during the Indus Valley civilization. They also discovered and utilized Iron metallurgy and sophisticated metal working BEFORE Ancient China. They also constructed numerous building's out of stones and bricks, and out of pure bedrock, SOMETHING STILL UNPARALLELED BY ANYONE IN THE ANCIENT ERA EXCEPT FOR MAYBE THE MESO-AMERICANS; they also had constructed monuments and artifacts out of pure iron steel, like the iron pillers of India, which has NOT rusted or corroded TO THIS DAY to when it was first constructed in the BC period!

Whereas the Ancient Chinese mainly utilized wood for their structures. Ancient Indians already had tidal docks and ports thousands of years before the Ancient Chinese, all the way back to the IVC civ. The Ancient Indians also had invented and come upon modern Pythagorean geometry, Advanced algebra and trigonometry, binary, and the modern numerical system and the concept of zero BEFORE the Ancient Chinese. They came upon the concept of Atoms BEFORE the Ancient Chinese. THEY CREATED AND INVENTED THE MODERN GAME OF CHESS WITHOUT AND BEFORE THE ANCIENT CHINESE! Even modern martial arts like Kung fu and Judo, WERE CREATED AND INVENTED BY ANCIENT INDIANS! Even MODERN BODYBUILDING WAS CONCEIVED OF AND CREATED BY ANCIENT INDIANS!

不，古印度人在古代中國人之前就學會了農耕、識字和書寫；他們在印度河流域的文明和人口也比古代中國更大。他們還發現和實踐了中國古代以前的鐵冶金和複雜的金屬加工。他們還用石頭和磚塊建造了無數的建築，這在古代是無人能及的；他們還用純鋼鐵建造了紀念碑和手工藝品，比如印度的鐵柱，它至今沒有生鏽或腐蝕！

而中國古代的建築主要使用木材。古印度人比中國提前了幾千年就擁有了潮汐碼頭和港口。古代印度人還發明了現代的畢達哥拉斯幾何學、高等代數和三角學、二進位制、現代的數字系統和零的概念。他們在古代中國人之前就提出了原子的概念。他們創造併發明了古代中國沒有的現代象棋遊戲！就連功夫和柔道這樣的現代武術也是由古代印度人創造和發明的！甚至現代健身也是由古代印度人構思和創造的！

By the medieval period, Ancient India WAS ALREADY DOING CALCULUS LEVEL AND LIKE MATHMATICS BEFORE ANYONE ELSE! Ancient India during the medieval period, WAS THE MOST ADVANCED CIV OF MATHEMATICS DURING THE MIDDLE AGES JUST FOR THIS FEAT ALONE! During the Middle ages, Ancient Indians came upon carbon nanotube technology and wootz steel making, which was the strongest high quality steel in the Middle ages; this technology would later be known as “damascus steel” and would be known in the world for being the most effective and high quality steel on the market back then, par none, AND NO ONE EXCEPT ANCIENT INDIANS AND MIDDLE EASTERN NATIONS HAD ACCESS TO THE DAMASCUS STEEL TECHNOLOGY!

So no Ancient China WAS NOT MORE ADVANCED THEN ANCIENT INDIA, AND IT WAS NOT THE MOST ADVANCED ANCIENT CIV AT ALL, as sinophiles,

到了中世紀，古印度人已經比別人率先學會了微積分和數學！古印度的數學文明在中世紀時期是全世界最先進的！在中世紀，古印度人發明了碳奈米管技術和伍德茲制鋼，這是中世紀最強的優質鋼；這種技術後來被稱為“大馬士革鋼”，在世界上被認為是當時市場上最優質的鋼，除了古印度和中東國家，沒有人掌握大馬士革鋼技術！

所以古代中國並不比古代印度更先進，它也根本不是最先進的古代文明.

Stuart

Yes, 100% agree.

First there was no India civilisation at all, it was a fake civilisation as Indian media put it.

All the Indian histories were recorded by other languages including Chinese.

Iron metallurgy and Brass etc. were first innovated and discovered by Chinese

是的,100%同意。

首先，根本就不存在印度文明，這是印度媒體編撰的虛假文明。

所有的印度歷史都是用包括漢語在內的其他語言記錄的。

中國最早發明和發現了鐵冶金、黃銅等。

Suman Smith Adhikari, Living in a developing free India. 蘇曼·史密斯·阿迪卡里，生活在一個發展中的自由印度

Both were equally advanced.Chinese however discovered many essential items like compass,paper,gunpowder etc.But Indians were no less.All know about the great forbidden city,the great wall of China and many more wonderful architectures but many do not know about India(especially the Chinese judging by their answers).Many people in the west also live in their little bubble never exploring outside their “great” Roman or Greek civilization

兩者都同樣先進。中國人發明了很多東西，如指南針、紙、火藥等。所有人都知道偉大的紫禁城，中國長城，還有更多的絕美建築，但是很多人不知道印度(尤其是中國人)。許多西方人生活在他們的小泡泡裡，從未探索過他們“偉大”的羅馬或希臘文明之外的世界。

Lakshay Negi

YES!!!!

Don't you know they were the greatest of all time.Their inventions changed over life for ever.We all today are alive because of ancient China.What do you think Ancient China was just limited to paper,compass etc?

Ancient India was nothing but some black monkeys fighting each other.Infact Ancient India was not even India.They we were just some naked tribal people.T hey just have some make up stories of their not real God who teach us that even God have to face their good or bad karma(In Ramayan and Mahabharat).They did not invented Flush toilets that's why you can see why Half of the India's population don't have them

It's all a lie that they invented WOOTZ steel,ironpillar,buttons,rulers,cotton,numericals,zero,binary,shampoo, 10k+ languages etc.If they could be civilized any close to Chinese then Europeans would not be able to rule India。China was,is,will be Number 1 forever.They were always united.

是的! ! ! !

難道你不知道他們是有史以來最偉大的文明？他們的發明在生活中永遠地改變了。我們今天還都因為古代中國才得以存續。你認為中國古代僅僅侷限於紙、指南針這些東西？

古印度不過是一些猴子在打架。事實上，古印度壓根不是現在的印度。他們只是一些赤身裸體的部落人。他們只會編造故事，告訴我們即使是神也要面對他們的善業或惡業(在《羅摩衍那》和《摩訶婆羅多》中)。他們沒有發明出抽水馬桶，這就是為什麼印度現在仍有一半人口沒有抽水馬桶的原因。

他們發明了木頭、鐵柱子、鈕釦、尺子、棉花、數字、零、二進位制、洗髮水、1萬多種語言等等，這都是謊言。如果他們能在中國附近得到開化，那麼歐洲人就無法統治印度了。中國過去是，現在是，將來還會永遠是最偉大的文明。他們總是團結一致。