日期:2019年9月9日
《史記》關於夏王朝第五帝“相”的記載如下：
《竹書紀年》關於夏帝相記載如下：
帝仲康 元年己丑，帝即位，居斟尋。 五年秋九月庚戌朔，日有食之。命胤侯帥師徵羲和。 六年，錫昆吾，命作伯。 七年，陟。 世子相出居商丘，依邳侯（一作“依同姓諸侯斟灌、斟尋”）。 帝相 元年戊戌，帝即位，居商。 徵淮夷。 二年，徵風及黃夷。 七年，於夷來賓。 八年，寒浞殺羿，使其子澆居過。 九年，相居於斟灌。 十五年，商侯相土作乘馬。遂遷於商丘。 二十年，寒浞滅戈。 二十六年，寒浞使其子帥師滅斟灌。 二十七年，澆伐斟抃，大戰於濰，覆其舟，滅之。 二十八年，寒浞使其子澆弒帝。後緡歸於有仍。伯靡出奔鬲。 斟灌之墟，是為帝丘。後緡方娠，逃出自竇，歸於有仍。伯靡奔有鬲氏。 夏世子少康生（丙寅年）。 少康自有仍奔虞（乙酉年）。 伯靡自鬲帥斟抃、斟灌之師以伐浞。 世子少康使汝艾伐過殺澆（甲辰年）。 伯子杼帥師滅戈。 伯靡殺寒浞。 少康自綸歸於夏邑（乙巳年）。 明年，後緡生少康。既長，為仍牧正，惎澆，能戒之。澆使椒求之，將至仍，少康逃奔有虞，為之庖正，以除其害。虞思於是妻之以二姚，而邑諸綸。有田一成，有眾一旅，能布其德，而兆其謀，以收夏眾，撫其官職。夏之遺臣伯靡，自有鬲氏收二斟之燼以伐浞。浞恃澆皆康娛，日忘其惡而不為備。少康使汝艾諜澆。初，浞娶純狐氏，有子早死，其婦曰女歧，寡居。澆強圉，往至其戶，陽有所求。女歧為之縫裳，共舍而宿。汝艾夜使人襲斷其首，乃女歧也。澆既多力，又善走，艾乃畋獵，放犬逐獸，因嗾澆顛隕，乃斬澆以歸於少康。於是，夏眾滅浞，奉少康歸於夏邑。諸侯始聞之，立為天子，祀夏配天，不失舊物。 帝少康 元年丙午，帝即位，諸侯來朝，賓虞公。
中國網路資料關於夏帝相的介紹:
姒相(前2025年~前1973年)，夏朝皇帝，姒仲康之子。姒相在姒中康病死後繼位，遷都於商丘，在位28年，享年52歲。 相為了抵禦寒浞，由商丘搬到斟灌氏暫住。澆率兵攻斟灌氏，相提前得到訊息，率宮眷群臣，搬往帝丘。後被寒浞的兒子澆攻破都城而自刎，葬於帝丘。
夏帝相，又名姒。
“相、姒”二字甲骨文、金文象形圖形如下:
“相”字又是意形，指坐像、雕像等。
姒
與夏王朝同時期的古埃及第四王朝王表如下:
與“相”同時期的古埃及第四王朝法老:謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf），他的另一個名字：德德夫普塔赫 Dedefptah：
謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf），德德夫普塔赫 Dedefptah
謝普塞斯卡弗
謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）,是古埃及古王國時期第四王朝的國王（在位時期大約是公元前2503年—前2498年）。作為兒子繼承了父王的王位。他的名字意思是“靈魂高貴。”他打破傳統，在薩卡拉建造他的陵墓，規模較小。王銜（何魯斯式）在位年數 5德德夫普塔（英語 Djedefptah）古埃及古王國時期第四王朝的國王（在位時期大約是公元前2503年—公元前2498年）。在位短暫，身世待考。[1]
謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的王名圖案如下：(他的名字意思是“靈魂高貴的兩地之主”)
將”相”與謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的王名資料進行對比分析:
一.王名圖案比對
“相”。
“相”字又是意形，指坐像、雕像等。
仔細觀察謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的各個王名圖案，發現都有一個法老坐像，如下圖所示:
謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的王名圖案中都突出了一個帝王“坐像”，這個“坐像”不正是“相”字所表達出來的含義嗎。
此外，謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）王名發音突出的前重音“謝普”，其古音正是“相”音。
二.《竹書紀年》記:徵黃夷
《竹書紀年》:
二年，徵風及黃夷。
“風”字甲骨文、金文象形圖形如下:
“黃、夷”二字甲骨文、金文如下:
對比一下中國西南腹地地形。
可以看出“黃夷”就是指中國西南腹地。
而三星堆、金沙遺址正好在“黃夷”邊上。
在謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的一個王名圖案中就有“黃夷”的地形圖符，如下圖:
在王名圖案最右下角，有五根斜線。這五根斜線正是“黃夷”地形的特徵，見下圖:
古埃及的王名圈都是為了表彰、宣揚、並標註其統治疆域的“圖形說明書”。
三、三星堆青銅器佐證
能夠佐證“相”曾經派商侯相士徵“黃夷”的是三星堆、金沙遺址發現的那些商王“相士”的青銅像。
在三星堆發現的青銅器。
注意青銅器帽子為尖頂高筒帽。對比一下“相”的王名圖案中的帽子形狀:
以及排在“相”之後的第四王朝法老門卡烏拉，也就是“少康”的雕像:
少康，門卡烏拉也戴著與三星堆青銅器一樣的高頂王帽。
“長髮其祥”的商侯“相士”
“長髮其祥”。
“相士”。
青銅頭像突出的就是“目”。
青銅頭像中包含的圖形字意:
黃金權杖上的“相士”:
“青銅祭壇”中的“夏帝相”、“相士”:
對比謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的一個王名圖案:
荷魯斯鷹站在王名圈上，裡面的是法老坐像與權杖。對比一下三星堆遺址出土的所謂“祭壇”，如下圖所示:
可以看出“祭壇”頂部站立著一隻“戴王冠的鷹”，“王冠鷹”腳底下踩著的是“方框”，“方框”內有四個跪著的“商人”，
“戴王冠的鷹”正是古埃及第四王朝法老謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）王名圖案方框上的荷魯斯鷹。
而這個方框既代表謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的王名圈，同時也代表了古埃及的四方形地圖，如下圖示:
方框下面的是“麵包”圖形，這個圖形代表了非洲大陸的地形，在古埃及文中為主人的意思。
在“方框”內有五個呈跪姿的“商人”。
跪姿表明商人是臣服於夏王朝的屬下。這正是商侯相士執行夏帝“相”命令，徵“黃夷”，“海外有截”的影象表達。
上圖尖頂王冠上的符號含有兩個”瓦斯”權杖符號，代表了夏帝相的王權為古埃及非洲大陸地區以及遠東中國大陸地區。
這個雙瓦斯權杖符號也是謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的一個王名圖案中的雙權利符號，如下圖:
三星堆青銅“鷹”，荷魯斯鷹。
三星堆“黃金權杖”
在三星堆黃金權杖上雕刻的圖案裡面有非洲古埃及獨特的羅非魚，一整排背鰭世界上獨有的魚。
此外，權杖上的圖案正是“大禹與啟”的王名。
“手舉夏標誌的商侯相士”
四、夏帝“相”的姓，“姒”。
“姒”是指伊西斯與王子荷魯斯的形象， 如下圖:
伊西斯與荷魯斯就是“姒”，伊西斯是古埃及冥神歐西里斯的妻子，歐西里斯正是帝顓頊，而大禹則是顓頊與伊西斯的後代。
五、在位時間
《竹書紀年》記，夏帝“相”在位時間28年。
古埃及資料，謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）在位時期大約是（公元前2503年—前2498年）5年。
六、墓地
古埃及方面資料:
謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）,他打破傳統，在薩卡拉建造他的陵墓，規模較小。
薩卡拉地形圖：
綜上述，透過比較“夏帝相”與謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的王名資料，且有中國古籍《竹書紀年》記載，以及三星堆青銅器實證，都無可辯駁的證實了夏帝“相”就是古埃及第四王朝法老謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf），“相”。而謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的王名圖案中發現的“黃夷”地形圖，以及三星堆各種青銅器都相互印證了“夏帝相”派商侯“相士”到中國“海外有截”的事實。三星堆神秘的面紗也該揭開了！
附古埃及第四王朝法老謝普塞斯卡弗（Shepseskaf）的英文資料（網路）:
1-888-834-1448
Shepseskaf Quick Facts
Chronology
Dynasty: 4thPredecessor: MykerinosNext: UserkafHighest Year: 1st Cattle CountReign: 2472 - 2467 BC.Family
Father: MykerinosWife: BuneferChild: KhamaatShepseskaf Mastaba Quick Facts
Location: SaqqaraMeasurements:Base: 96.6 x 74.4Slope: 70°Tomb of Shepseskaf
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Location
Shepseskaf was the first king to return to Saqqara after most of his 4th Dynasty predecessors had either preferred Dashur in the south (Snofru) or Abu Rawash (Djedefre) and Giza (Kheops, Khefren and Mykerinos) in the north to build their funerary monuments.This return to Saqqara has often been interpreted more as a distancing of Giza and of the supposedly oppressive politic followed by Kheops and Khefren, but there are, in fact, no valid arguments that support this theory. The reasons behind this move may as well have been religious, political or purely practical in nature.
Whatever Shepseskaf’s motivations for returning to Saqqara may have been, it is perhaps also telling that he moved to an area in Saqqara that does not appear to have been used before, at least not for a royal burial: Saqqara-South. In fact, his tomb is the southern-most royal tomb of Saqqara.Several 6th Dynasty kings favoured this part of the Memphite necropolis for their burials as well.
Structure
Even in the choice of his funerary monument, Shepseskaf chose not to follow the standard established by his ancestors.The tomb consists of a mastaba-shaped superstructure with a small mortuary temple to the east. No satellite or queen’s pyramids appear to have been built.
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Interactive map of the tomb of Shepseskaf. Click or tap on the map to learn more.Source: Lehner, Complete Pyramids, p. 139.
Mastaba
The mastaba, which has earned this monument the name Mastabat el-Fara'un, was 99.6 metres long and 74.4 metres broad. It was originally encased in limestone, except for its base course, which was in granite. It had a slope of 70° and certainly was shaped like a shrine: a rounded top flanked by two almost vertical walls.
Interactive 3D map of the Tomb of Shepseskaf. Click or tap on the map to learn more.Source: Lehner, Complete Pyramids, p. 139.
The mastaba is entered from the north side, from where a corridor descends for 20.95 metres with a slope of 23°30'. At the end of the passage is a horizontal corridor passage followed by a second passage blocked by three portcullises and an antechamber. A short passage to the west goes down into the vaulted burial chamber that measures 7.79 by 3.85 metres and has a height of 4.9 metres. Fragments of the sarcophagus indicate that it was made of a hard dark stone and decorated like Mykerinos’.
To the south of the antechamber a corridor extends with 6 niches to the east again similar to the niches found in the pyramid of Mykerinos.
The oddly shaped tomb of Shepseskaf at Saqqara.
The mastaba is enclosed within two mudbrick walls: the first also incorporates a small mortuary temple that had some open courts, an offering hall and a false door, flanked by 5 magazines. The long causeway that extended towards the East has not (yet) been excavated.
21/09/2014
© Jacques Kinnaer 1997 - 2018
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King Shepseskaf and His Mysterious Tomb at Saqqara
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King Shepseskaf and His Mysterious Tomb at Saqqaraby Jimmy Dunn
Introduction
Ultimately, we know very little with any certainty about the last king of Egypt's 4th Dynasty. His birth name was Shepseskaf, meaning "His Soul is Noble", and like everything else about him, seems out of place. Most kings' of this (and most other) periods made some sort of reference to a god in their name, with all but his immediate successor, Userkaf, who founded the 5th Dynasty, giving that honor to the sun god Re.
We do believe with much certainty that his father was Menkaure (Mycerinus), the builder of thelast great pyramid on the Giza Plateau. We also believe with considerable certainty that he was responsible for completing his father's pyramid. His mother is unknown, but was probably one of his father's minor queens. We also believe that he had at least one wife, named Bunefer.Egyptologists mostly seem in agreement that he ruled Egypt for a very short period, probably four years. Here, our knowledge of this king seems to end and speculation begins, for scholars appear to have many disagreements about the other aspects of his reign, which mostly hinge on the interpretation of his, and a few other tombs. Therefore, we must explore these prior to presenting other questions about Shepseskaf that beg for answers.
The Tomb of Shepseskaf
A View of Shepseskaf's Mastaba Tomb
Unlike his immediate predecessors and his successors, Shepseskaf chose the form of a Mastaba rather than a pyramid for his tomb, and perhaps for various reasons, built it in South Saqqara rather than on the Giza Plateau. Called by the locals, Mastaba Fara'un, (Pharaoh's Bench), it has always been one of the most enigmatic tombs of the Old Kingdom and therefore it much investigated by archaeologists.Perring was the first to describe it and though theLepsius expedition spent little time investigating the tomb, Lepsius did note that it reminded him of a large sarcophagus. Mariette was really the first to truly investigate the structure in 1858, examining its underground construction, but regrettably, only a few of his sketches survived. They were later published by Maspero.
However, through all the early years of Egyptology and up until the time that Gustave Jeuier carried out a systematic investigation of South Saqqara between 1924 and 1925, the tomb was ascribed to Unas, the last of the 5th Dynasty kings. Though Jeuier had a difficult time proving directly that the tomb belonged to Shepseskaf, there were several items evidencing its builder. First of all, a stela was found at the site that, while very fragmentary, contained a part of the sing for the last letter of the king's name. Independent of the site, he also discovered that the name of the king's tomb was "Shepseskaf is [ritually] purified", which concluded with a determinative (an explanatory sign) in the form of a mastaba, suggesting that Shepseskaf's tomb should take that form. Finally another stela dated to the Middle Kingdom showed that during that period, Shepseskaf's cult was still active on the site of Mastaba Fara'un.
Certainly there was a valley temple connected with this tomb, but its remains have never been unearthed. The causeway that normally connected valley temples with their mortuary temples directly did not in this case, but rather led to the southeast corner of the temple before running along the south wall into the open courtyard surround the mastaba. It was built entirely of mudbrick, and seems to have taken the form of a corridor with a vaulted ceiling.
As much an aberration as everything else about this complex, the mortuary temple varies significantly from its predecessors. It stood in front of the east wall of the mastaba and just as the mastaba, was oriented north-south. It was small, but even so we may distinguish two different phases in its development, based on the material employed for its construction.
The oldest section is built of stone and had three entrances. One of the entrances was in the middle of the east facade, while another was near the southeast corner. The third entrance was placed in the middle of the south facade. An open courtyard took up the eastern half of the temple. It was paved in limestone, and in its northwest corner once stood an altar. The inner part of the mortuary temple took up the western section of the temple and consisted of an offering hall shaped like an inverted letter T. In its west wall there was originally a false door in its west wall. Significantly, there were no statue niches in this inner sanctuary, though part of a statue of the king was found in the temple. The northwestern part of the temple was taken up by a cluster of smaller chambers that were probably storage annexes.
Later, a large, open courtyard made of mudbrick was created to the east of the mortuary temple with niches that adorned its inner walls.
Shepseskaf's mastabas was huge, measuring some 99.6 meters (327 ft) long by 74.4 meters (244 ft) broad, and oriented north to south. The core of the mastaba was built in two levels of large, grayish yellow limestone blocks that originated in the stone quarries west of thepyramids at Dahshur. In the early years of Egyptian exploration, it was still possible to find remnants of the pathways over which this stone was transported. The mastaba was encased with fine white limestone except for the very bottom course of red granite (which makes us wonder if it was left over from his father's complex). On some of the casing blocks may be found inscriptions ofPrince Khaemwese's later restoration of this monument. The outer slope of the casing was 70o and it had a vaulted top between vertical ends, taking the shape of a Buto shrine (according to some Egyptologists, such as Mark Lehner)..
On the axis of the north wall about two and one half meters above ground level, the entrance to the substructure seems more like that of a pyramid rather than a mastaba. Within, a small vestibule communicates with a corridor lined in pink granite that descends at an angle of 23o 30' for 20.95 meters (69 ft) to a corridor chamber immediately followed by three portcullis slots for plugging blocks. Afterwards, the corridor becomes horizontal and eventually terminates in an antechamber with a pink granite ceiling. From there, a narrow corridor leads out from the southeast of the antechamber connecting with six niches (some references state five) that may have functioned as small storage annexes. These may be seen as the equivalent of those found in the pyramid of his father and that of Khentkaues (pyramid), and may foreshadow the three small magazines that would later become standard.
Another short passage descends out of the antechamber to the west allowing access to the burial chamber. Its pink granite ceiling, like that of the burial chamber of his father, Menkaure, was sculpted into a false barrel vault. Indeed, even the fragments of his dark, basalt sarcophagus unearthed in the burial chamber was decorated very similarly to that of his father.
Surrounding the mastaba/mortuary temple complex was a second perimeter wall made of mud brick. Unlike other royal tombs of this period, there appears to have been no tombs for Shepseskaf's family members and officials within the area around his tomb.
Speculation
The aberration of Shepseskaf's name, his tomb and the tomb of his possible daughter, consort or/and half sister all stand out like sore thumbs, awaiting the theories of Egyptologists that may perhaps never be proven. All we can do here is present the current speculation, and possibly add a little of our own.
Jequier offers an initial explanation that other Egyptologists, such as Jaromir Malek, who provided the Old Kingdom component of the Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, find tempting. He was rather convinced that Shepseskaf choose the mastaba style tomb as an intentional protest against the priesthood of the cult of Re, the sun god, which was gaining considerable influence. Jequier believed that the ancient Egyptians considered the pyramid a symbol of the sun, as do many modern Egyptologists. Certainly the rise of the pyramid coincided with the growing influence of Re's cult. He also believed that Shepseskaf's move away from the Giza Plateau and hence, the traditions of his immediate predecessors, supported his position, but perhaps even more important to his argument was Shepseskaf's abandonment of Re's reference within his name.
This theory, along with several of its components can be easily attacked, and have been from a number of different directions. One of the easiest elements to overcome in Jequier's theory is Shepseskaf's move away from the Giza Plateau. His father, Menkoaure was required, due to spatial restrictions, to place his pyramid far away from the Nile, and it is relatively clear from his valley temple placement, blocking the principal conduit for construction materials into the necropolis, that he intended no more major monuments to be built there. In fact, there was simply no more room for such a major construct on the Plateau. This undoubtedly prompted Shepseskaf to look for another location, and in doing so, he chose a place that not so very far from the pyramids of the dynasty's founders. In fact, the stone for his mastaba came from Dahshur, the location of Snefru's Bent and Red Pyramids. Saqqara was also a very ancient necropolis, that in fact relates somewhat to his use of a mastaba rather than a pyramid.
Regarding Shepseskaf's use of a mastaba rather than a pyramid as a protest against the priesthood of Re, Ricke believed that the obelisk, rather than the pyramid, was considered by the Egyptians to be the symbol of the sun. After all, the 5th Dynasty kings who we believe constructed the sun temples, mostly at Abu Ghurob, with a short obelisk as a focal point, did so in addition to their pyramid complexes mostly at Abusir. In his opinion, which seems to be mirrored by one of modern Egypt's great scholars, Mark Lehner, he was, rather than rejecting the cult of re, honoring his religious heritage in the form of the Lower Egyptian "Buto-type" tomb. It was really not very uncommon at all for Egyptian pharaohs to display such archaic tastes. Similarly, Hans-Wolfgang Muller (1907-1991) felt that Shepseskaf's mastaba was a huge version of a hut hung with matting. Indeed, Stadelmann, drawing on the arguments of Ricke and Muller, pointed out that Shepseskaf's use of niches in the courtyard of his mortuary temple, as well as in certain elements of his father's pyramid complex, was, an archaizing element from Egypt's earliest architecture.
In addition, it must also be noted that Shepseskaf faced the difficult task of completing his father's pyramid at Giza. This must have certainly created a considerable administrative and financial burden, at a time when the Egypt was apparently suffering some economic hardship. This may have led him to downsize his own tomb. Other possibilities exist. It is possible that the mastaba was initiated prior tohis ascent to the throne, for example, or that it was a provisional tomb created with the possibility that if time permitted, another once could have been built.
We question whether many of the issues will ever be answered. This tomb has been considerably investigated, as has the Saqqara Necropolis in general, so perhaps there will be no new answers. But the possibility always exists that future discoveries may, at least, provide answers to at least some of the questions surrounding this mysterious man and his tomb
譯文:
謝普斯卡夫快速事實
年表
王朝： 第 4 次
前身：Mykerinos
下一個： 使用者卡夫
最高年數：第一牛計數
統治： 2472 - 2467 BC.
家庭
父親：Mykerinos
妻子：布內弗
兒童：哈馬特
謝普斯卡夫·馬斯塔巴快速事實
地點： 薩卡拉
測量：
底座： 96.6 x 74.4
坡度： 70°
謝普斯卡夫墓
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謝普塞卡夫是第一位返回薩卡拉的國王，他的第四王朝前輩在南部（斯諾夫魯）或阿布·拉瓦什（傑德弗雷）和吉薩（赫奧普斯、赫夫倫和米克裡諾斯）在北部建造他們的紀念碑。這種回到薩卡拉往往被解釋為吉薩和所謂的壓迫性政治，其次是赫奧普斯和赫夫倫，但事實上，沒有有效的論據支援這一理論。這一行動背後的原因可能也是宗教、政治或純粹實際。
不管謝普斯卡夫返回薩卡拉的動機是什麼，這也許也說明他搬到了薩卡拉的一個地區，而該地區以前似乎沒有使用過，至少不是用於皇家葬禮：薩卡拉-南。事實上，他的墳墓是薩卡拉最南端的皇家陵墓。 幾個六朝國王也贊成孟菲斯墓地的這一部分埋葬。
結構
即使在選擇他的祭祖紀念碑時，謝普斯卡夫也選擇不遵循祖先制定的標準。該墓由一座桅杆形狀的上層建築組成，東邊有一座小型太平間寺廟。似乎沒有建造任何衛星或女王的金字塔
馬斯塔巴
瑪斯塔巴，贏得了這個紀念碑的名字馬斯塔巴特法拉 un，是99。長6米，寬74.4米。它最初被包裹在石灰石中，除了它的基道，那是花崗岩。它有一個70°的斜坡，當然形狀像一個神社：一個圓形的頂部，兩個幾乎垂直的牆壁。
桅杆從北側進入，從走廊下降20.95米，坡度為23×30'。通道的末尾是水平走廊通道，然後是第二條通道，由三個門廊和一個安特坎伯阻擋。向西的一條短通道進入拱形墓室，墓室長7.79米，3.85米，高4.9米。石棺的碎片表明，它是由堅硬的黑石，裝飾像 Mykerinos' 。
在安泰坎伯的南邊，一條走廊向東延伸了6個利基，與米克裡諾斯金字塔中的利基相似。
薩卡拉的謝普斯卡夫的奇形怪形的墳墓。
桅杆被封閉在兩個泥磚牆內：第一個還包括一個小太平間寺廟，有一些開放的法院，一個祭品大廳和一個假門，兩側有5個雜誌。向東方延伸的長銅道尚未挖掘出來。
21/09/2014
·金納1997-2018
遊覽埃及旨在提供最終的埃及冒險和關於該國的深入瞭解。我們提供這種獨特的經驗在兩個方面，第一個是組織一個旅遊和來埃及參觀，無論是單獨或團體，並生活它的第一手資料。體驗埃及的第二種方式是舒適自家：線上。
謝普斯卡夫國王和他的神秘墳墓在薩卡拉
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謝普斯卡夫國王和他的神秘墳墓在薩卡拉
由吉米 · 鄧恩
介紹
歸根結底，我們對埃及第四王朝的最後一位國王幾乎一點肯定。他的出生名字是謝普斯卡夫，意思是"他的靈魂是高貴的"，就像他的一切一樣，似乎不對。這個（和大多數其他）時期的大多數國王都以自己的名義提到神，除了他直接的繼任者，他創立了第5王朝的特格斯卡夫，把榮譽給了太陽神雷。
我們確實非常肯定地相信他的父親是門考爾（米塞裡努斯），吉薩高原上最後一座大金字塔的建造者。我們還相當肯定地相信他要為完成他父親的金字塔負責。他的母親是未知的，但可能是他父親的小皇后之一。我們還相信他至少有一個妻子，名叫布內弗。 埃及學家們似乎大多同意他統治埃及的時間很短，大概四年。在這裡，我們對這位國王的瞭解似乎結束了，猜測開始了，因為學者們似乎對他統治的其他方面有很多分歧，這主要取決於他對國王和一些其他墳墓的解釋。因此，我們必須在提出關於謝普斯卡夫的其他問題之前先探討這些問題，這些問題需要答案。
的墳墓