早前，不時有西方精英與平民對資本主義提出了質疑，這次，連法國總統馬克龍都有些質疑了，表示“現代資本主義行不通了！”

1月26日，馬克龍以影片方式參加了達沃斯世界經濟論壇，並發表了主旨演講。

馬克龍在演講後的提問環節表示：

“資本主義與市場經濟為中產階級提供了進步機會，但這個體系如今已經破敗。全世界成千上萬的人都存在一種感受，他們（因為失業）失去了用處。在當前的環境下，資本主義模式與開放經濟行不通了，從這場疫情中走出來的唯一辦法，就是打造一個更加專注於消除貧富差距的經濟。”

以下為演講全文：

施瓦布：各位與會者，我非常榮幸地歡迎法國總統馬克龍先生，雖然現在我們不能面對面交流，不過，我很高興我們能夠進行線上對話來代替。總統先生，在我看來，當然也在很多人看來，您是一個有長遠眼光的人，所以想就 "我們應該如何建設後疫情時代的世界 "這個話題談一下。那我從第一個問題開始吧：在您看來，你對重建一個更綠色，更具彈性，更可持續的經濟的長期願景是什麼？我們需要一個新的願景嗎？

馬克龍：你好，施瓦布教授，我很高興也透過這個影片會議見到你。非常感謝你們組織這些線上的討論，這些討論在這個特殊時期顯得尤為重要。我想談一談今天的世界，它與明天的世界聯絡在一起，因為在我們所有的國家，社會都在透過我們正在經歷的這段歷程進行轉型，我想我們必須記住我們在過去一年中經歷的一些事情，這種狀態將持續好幾個月，而且根據一些人的說法，這甚至可能會持續很多年。

首先要說的是，不考慮到人的因素就不能考慮經濟問題。這麼說似乎有些老生常談，但在對所有的國家而言，我們做了一些以前無法想象的事情，我們停止了所有的經濟活動來拯救生命，這是第一個教訓。我們記得，你所說的經濟是一門道德科學，因此人們的生命比數字和金錢更重要，而且，這段時期讓我們認識到了我們的脆弱性，就我個人而言，我經歷過，我感染了病毒。但是其實一個組織，公司，國家也是脆弱的，我們不能不考慮到這一點。有些人比其他人更清楚這一點，但當我們思考生態和氣候時，這些似乎都是遙遠的想法，但這是同一個概念，真的，我們周圍發生的事情對我們的日常生活有影響。它能深刻地改變一切。雖然說這句話這意味著我們的主動性不強，但我相信，在後疫情時代，我們必須從我們的經歷中獲益並吸取教訓。我們的社會是脆弱的，因為大自然提醒著我們這一點，我們很容易受到流行病、氣候事件等的影響。因此，未來的經濟將因這些教訓而得到加強，我們經常談論病毒新的菌株和變種，但有些東西是不變的。未來的經濟必須是一個考慮創新的經濟，人類必須與氣候、氣候挑戰、減少二氧化碳排放、適應社會、生物多樣性議程一起建立競爭力，因此，經濟必須更具彈性。因此，經濟必須更有彈性，且必須更好的得到組織，而且必須在供應鏈中考慮到這些不可控的因素，我們可以稍後再談這個問題。而且經濟也必須是要考慮到人本主義的原則。我們去年就談到了這個問題，不管是從社會的角度還是從健康的角度想，我相信我們不會走出這個疫情。或者更確切的說，我們要擺脫這場流行病，就必須有一個更注重消除不平等的經濟體，基本上我可以簡單說這些。

施瓦布：是的，主席先生，你去年的時候談到過。您在國際勞工組織的會議上說過資本主義已經變得瘋狂。而且在您所描述的道德經濟的背景下，公司理念的作用是什麼？我今天出版了一本書，叫《利益相關者資本主義》。您對此的理念是什麼？您有什麼看法嗎？

馬克龍：我理解你對利益相關者資本主義的表述,但如果你看看過去幾十年，資本主義和市場經濟已經證明了它們的成功。我們不能太快摧毀這裡的第一塊基石，我的意思是，我們知道它拯救了數百萬人，使數百萬人擺脫了貧困，因此它使公民和消費者能夠獲得商品和服務，這在過去很少發生。

然而，這一切的發生都伴隨著不同社會中不平等的產生。所以這意味著一些人擺脫了貧困，進入了生產週期。但是它把其他一些人從生產週期中淘汰了出來，許多同胞尤其是要面對不同的遷移危機，因此全世界成千上萬的人都面臨著社會和經濟衝擊，失去了工作，他們有失去用處的感覺。這是一場深刻的道德和經濟危機，這是過去十年資本主義的外在表現。第二個主題是價值連線與利潤之間的脫節。資本主義的金融化意味著，當速度比較快的時候，如果你有相關的儲蓄分配到需要資金的地方，它可以是一件好事，但是當它過度分配的時候，它就是一件壞事。有風險的資金基本上帶來了與創新或工作無關的利潤，事實就是這樣。有這樣一種螺旋造成了更多的不平等，我們在這個特殊的部門看到了更大的不平等，而社交網路的加速發展，也使得人們的想象力全球化，人們互相比較的尺度是前所未有的。基本上，這個體系有兩大上帝，股東和消費者。這個系統為這兩者而生，但它調整了勞動者和其他部門。我們基本上創造了氣候的負外部效應，而且社會不平等危機、民主危機、民主制度的可持續性危機以及氣候危機得以助長。那麼，資本主義模式，再加上開放經濟，就不能在這種環境下繼續運作了？為什麼？因為歷史上它是妥協的結果，是民主社會，個人自由，中產階級的進步帶來了社會的進步。這個共識，這個平衡被這四個加速度打破了。所以我真的相信你的利益相關者資本主義，也就是說我們需要把資本主義模式的核心，對這四個問題做出迴應，在過去的幾年裡，我們試圖這樣做，各個國家也試圖這樣做，但是單靠國家是做不到的。如果我們試圖這樣做，會有一個問題，因為國家將是唯一一個試圖糾正外部負面的角色，因此它鼓勵大量債務自行償還，以彌補氣候變化、彌補不平等。所以這個模式就會有一個壓倒性的公共債務，納稅人必須為此買單。正如我們所知，納稅人是參議院久坐不動的參與者，並且他們不能享受全球化的所有好處。這就是為什麼我相信人類的未來，需要透過保持某些基本的東西，如私有財產，合作，個人和集體的自由，因為這是我們社會的基石。因此，所有這些都必須促使我們重新思考我們的組織，使之回到公司和事業的核心，反對社會不平等，地區差異，以及氣候後果。所以我們在過去幾年所說的，經濟社會和環境責任稱為CSR（ corporate social responsibility），基本上是企業社會責任。這些都是我們需要的創新，我們需要更進一步，我們需要從內部改革我們的公司。讓所有的利益相關者，就像利益相關者資本主義一樣，員工、僱主、股東，他們都需要考慮到自身行動的影響，在民主、環境還有社會等方方面面的影響。

施瓦布：主席先生，今天我很高興地宣佈幾件事。我們已經宣佈了私營公司的承諾，這些公司定期根據其企業社會責任和環境責任的具體和準確標準，按照所謂的ESG標準進行報告。關於環境問題，據瞭解，美國新一屆政府，已經再次加入了《巴黎協定》。很多新的進展得以進行，但我想問你，你對目前取得的進展是否滿意？或者你是否呼籲達成新的共識，超越過去所討論的東西？

馬克龍：嗯，我對此有幾點看法，首先，我們已經就氣候議程達成一致，有了巴黎協議。但在這一點上，我們所有人都沒有履行我們的承諾。因此，我們的首要任務是盡最大努力履行我們的承諾。我想說的是，因為不可能有跟此毫無關係的人，所以我們需要共同行動，以免造成生產力偏見，這就是為什麼在過去幾年，當美國決定退出《巴黎協定》時，出現了重大風險。但我看到，在過去的幾年裡，美國退出並沒有帶來這一協議的崩潰。我們也創立了“一個星球”峰會，歐洲國家，很多新興國家，包括中國也都參與了進來。我們不要忘記，這些國家合作意識很高，而且還與美國的許多聯邦政府合作，現在拜登政府的第一步是再次加入《巴黎協定》。因此，我呼籲所有人，就像我們在歐洲所做的那樣，儘快達到我們在未來排放方面的目標——減排55%。其次，我們承諾到2050年實現碳中和，這是近期內塑造我們行為的兩個決定性里程碑。現在我們需要在地方、區域層面上應用這一點，我們需要有一個足夠高的碳定價，我們需要建立機制，鼓勵和邀請企業走這條路，我們需要有制裁機制，這樣公司、家庭可以走得更快，我們需要改造我們的建築、我們的汽車等等。所以這是第一個方面，這是至關重要的，第二個方面就是要把金融業和私營公司，私營企業帶進來。這又回到了我們剛才所說的。我真的很相信我與主權財富基金、和私募股權公司共同設立的 "一個星球峰會 "的倡議。我相信，只有我們能夠讓我們的公司、我們的人民、我們的國家走上生物多樣性的議程，我們才能向你們表明我們對氣候的承諾。這就是我們的 “健康倡議”。因為這把反對生物多樣性的氣候變化的鬥爭結合在一起，而這正是我們目前為氣候所做的，我們需要為生物多樣性所做的。這就需要改變我們消費和生活方式的農業生產，所以今年，我們必須拿出共同的規則。因此，當你問，我們還需要談判什麼，所以我認為，在即將到來的峰會上，我們需要談判的和巴黎協議一樣多，但是是從生物多樣性的角度展開。幾天前在巴黎，我們舉辦了一個線上的一個星球生物多樣性峰會。我們採取了幾項重大舉措，綠色長城就是其中之一，它橫跨11個國家和非洲之角，來恢復退化的生態系統，我們還提出了很多針對生物多樣性的倡議，比如推出了一項新的財務披露倡議。

施瓦布：進一步我想要對這三大方面進行提問，總統先生，如果我們採取所有這些變化，是否意味著我們將需要帶來一個新的時代或全球化的新模式，全球化的新常態？

馬克龍：是的。我們所說的一切都指向同一個方向。特別是三個因素，首先，我們需要建立一個新的共識。在去年11月11日的巴黎和平論壇期間，我們試圖召集各國元首、非政府組織來嘗試和思考我們暫且可以稱之為“巴黎共識”的東西，這可以是世界任何地方的共識，這不是問題，而在想法上，我們需要超越“華盛頓共識”。我們需要超越放松管制和結束國家干預。這是我們從一開始就在進行的討論，我們需要建立一個新的共識來整合所有這些。第二，我們需要在國家之間找到一種新的合作模式。基本上是回到一個有效的多邊品牌，這是我多年來一直相信的，它受到了美國上屆政府的阻礙，因為美國政府不相信它，我對我們的美國夥伴在新的一年有很大的希望，我希望他們即將與我們重新接觸，我們需要為這一新共識建立一個有效的多邊機制。第三，我們需要建立這些新的聯盟，就是為了迎接這些挑戰，我們試圖在一個星球峰會上建立的聯盟，也就是你提到的新常態。（訊號中斷）

施瓦布：總統先生. 總之，你提到的也是第四次工業革命。數字系統將帶來多少新的未來，它將如何使這種對未來的憧憬更有可能？

馬克龍：我想有幾個，第一個是在數字時代，我們看到了許多革命，但是有幾次革命同時發生。我們是技術革命的發起者，我們還有人工智慧革命，這將改變生產力，並將改變從工業到醫療保健，再到空間領域的正規化。除了人工智慧革命，還有量子革命，計算能力將透過改變感測器行業來深刻改變我們的工業，能在航空工業，民用工業等方面有重大突破，這也意味著我們解決問題的能力，比如目前的流行病，量子智慧將徹底改變我們在未來對付流行病的方式。因此，需要數週才能解決的問題將在一天內得到解決，多虧了人工智慧和量子智慧，診斷將能夠在幾分鐘內完成。所以我們在這些不同的創新之間有一個融合，一方面是數字，這就是我們所說的社交網路、超連線和量子技術，人工智慧和所有這些的結合意味著我們將在創新方面有一個深度突破的創新加速，我們將看到一些行業商品化和快速創造價值的能力。那麼從我剛才所說的，它會有什麼影響呢？首先，我們將繼續創新和加速，這是肯定的。第二，在社會調整方面會產生影響，我們要從現在開始考慮。社會不平等在明天的世界將更加真實，因為我們將看到這些影響，所以我們將有這些真正的調整，我們必須從現在開始考慮。第三，它將對民主產生影響。因此，依我看來，從社會和民主的角度來看，這些將加速我們的問題。在過去幾周裡，我們在美國看到的情況也證實了這一點。第四，在我們制度的彈性和應對氣候危機方面，我認為我們低估了創新方面的進步，這些技術將意味著我們能夠更快地應對氣候危機。因此，如果我們退一步，我相信我們的經濟將不得不更快地投資於這些創新，我們必須努力，如果我們工作和合作的很好，那麼這些創新將意味著我們能夠創造價值，我們能夠應對經濟挑戰。我真的相信，這將意味著我們能夠更快地應對氣候挑戰，這就是為什麼我相信更好的經濟最好是改進，而不是停止活動。但這將導致我們國家在民主、不平等、社會不平等方面的一些問題。

施瓦布：主席先生，這是對我們未來非常全面的展望。但不管發生什麼，未來都會發生，我們必須著手去建設它。我很高興，透過你們的解釋，我們看到一些人和一些領導人對如何行動以及你們對未來的看法非常清楚。以及這個未來應該做什麼，它應該是什麼樣子，它應該如何為人類的利益而建設。非常感謝，總統先生。我很抱歉，從巴黎到日內瓦，技術可能讓我們有些失望，不過，我相信，這是一個很偉大的事情來讓我們能夠展望未來。非常感謝，總統先生。

施瓦布：非常感謝，祝您在2021年萬事如意，希望很快能見到你本人。

馬克龍：非常感謝。

英文版：

Professor Schwab ：Participants, it's my great honor to welcome Mr. President Macro. Generally, we meet in devils, nevertheless, I'm very pleased that we are able to have this digital dialogue instead. I know Mr. President that, in my opinion, in the opinion of many, you are one of those who has a long-term vision. And so I would like to talk about questions relating to “How we should be building the post-covid world.” And let me start with the first question: In your opinion, what would be your vision to rebuild a greener economy，a more resilient economy，more sustainable, so what is your vision for the long term ？Do we need a new vision？

President Macro ：Hello, professor Schwab, I'm very pleased to see you also through this video conference. And thank you very much for organizing these virtual discussions that are so important in this period. I wanted to talk about today's world, and it's linked to tomorrow's world, because in all of our countries, societies are transforming through the experience that we are going through, I think we have to remember a few things from what we have been experiencing over the last year, and that is going to last many months yet, and probably many years, yet, according to what some are saying.

The first thing to say is that you cannot think economy without thinking about human beings. It might seem rather banal to say that, but in all of our countries, we've done something that was unthinkable before, we stopped all economic activities to save lives. That was the first lesson. And we remembered that the economy that you were talking about was a moral science, and therefore the lives of people was more important than figures and money, and also, this period reminds us of our vulnerability, personally speaking, I mean, I experience this, I caught the virus. But also as organization, companies, countries are vulnerable means that you cannot think your organization and your countries without taking this into account. Some were more aware of this than others, but it seemed distant idea when we thought about ecology and climate, but it's the same notion, really, what is happening around us has an impact on our daily lives. And it can change things deeply. Having said that it means that we cannot build anything, I believe in the post-covid world without reaping the benefits and learning the lessons from what we have experienced. Our societies are vulnerable because nature is reminding us of this. We are vulnerable to pandemic, climate events and so on. And so the economy of tomorrow strengthen by these lessons. We talk a lot about new strains and variants, but there are some things that are not varying. The economy of tomorrow is going to have to be an economy that thinks about innovation. And humanity and it's going to have to build competitiveness together with climate, the climate challenge, reducing CO2 emissions, adapting as societies, the biodiversity agenda. So it's economy that will have to be more resilient，that will be better organized and will have to be including these elements to resistance in the supply chains, and we can come back to this later. And also, it will have to be an economy that takes into account this principle of humanity. Whether it's on a social or a health point of view, we talked about this last year, and I believe that we will not get out of this pandemic. If or rather, we will get out of this pandemic only with an economy that is thinks more about fighting inequalities. This is basically, what I could say, briefly.

Professor Schwab:I believe, Mr. President, that you said last year. At the ILO meeting that capitalism had become mad. And in the context to you describe of a moral economy. What is the role of company philosophy, I published a book today called Stakeholder Capitalism. What is your philosophy on this What is your stake on this?

President Macro: I understand your expression stakeholder capitalism. But if you look at the last decades, we had capitalism and market economies have proven their successes. We cannot be too quick to destroy the first stone here, I mean, we know that it's saved many millions of people, and it took many millions of people out of poverty, so it enables citizens and consumers to have access to goods and services as it happened very few times in the past. Nevertheless, this all took place with the creation of inequalities in the different societies. So it meant that some people were taken out of poverty and it took people into the production cycle.

But it took out some others from the production cycle, and many fellow citizens had to face different crises of relocation especially, so there are social and economic shocks for hundreds and thousands of people throughout the world, who had this feeling of losing their usefulness, who lost their jobs. And it was a deep moral and economic crisis, and this was externalized by capitalism of the last decade. The second topic is the disconnection between value connection and profits. There was a financializing of capitalism, it means that it, when faster, it can be a good thing, but if you have the relevant allocation of savings to where funds are needed, but it's a bad thing when it over allocates. Funds when there is lit on risk. And it basically leads to profits that are not linked to innovation or work even, and this is what happened. There was this kind of a of a spiral, that created more inequalities, and we saw bigger inequalities in this particular sector. And with the acceleration of social networks, it also globalized the imagination with people comparing each other on scales that were not known before.

And so we created, we said, basically, there are two kings in this system, there's shareholders and consumers. And the system provided for both, but it adjusted on laborers and the rest of the planets. And we basically created negative externalities with the climate. And so these four phenomena fed the crisis of social inequalities, the crisis of democracies and the sustainability of the democratic system and the climate crisis. And so the capitalist model, together with this open economy can no longer work in this environment? Why? Well, because historically it was the fruit of a compromise which was democratic societies, individual of freedom, a progression for the middle class, which led to this progress of societies. And this consensus, this balance was broken by these four accelerations.

So I really believe in your stakeholder capitalism, meaning that we need to put back at the heart of the model, the response to these four questions, over the last few years, we've tried to do so, states have tried to do so, but states alone cannot do that. If we try to do that, we'll have a problem because the state will be the only man who tries to correct external negativity, so it encourages a lot of debts to pay on its own for the remedy to climate change, remedy to inequalities. And so you have a model where you have an overwhelming public debt and taxpayers have to pay for that.And as we know, Taxpayers are the senate sedentary actors, if you will, they cannot enjoy all the benefits of globalization. This is why I'm convinced that we will believe the future of humanity by keeping certain fundamental things, private property, cooperation, Individual and collective freedoms, which are the bedrock of our societies. So all of this must lead us to rethink our organizations to bring back to the heart of companies and undertakings. They, you know, the fight against social inequalities, the regional disparities, the climate consequences of our actions. So what we've called over the last few years, the economic social and environmental responsibility as CSR, basically, corporate social responsibility. These are innovations that we will need, we need to take, one step further, we need to reform our companies from within. So that all the stakeholders, as in stakeholder capitalism, employees, employers, shareholders, they all need, we all need to take into account the impact of the actions. In terms of democratic impact, environmental impact on social impact.

Professor Schwab ：Mr. President, that, several things on today, I'm pleased to announce that. We have announced the commitment on the part of private companies, who report on a regular basis against specific and accurate criteria regarding their corporate social responsibility and environmental responsibility along the so called ESG criteria. Regarding the environment, and given to understand that the new US Administration, has joined again, the Paris Agreement. And a lot of progress has certainly been made, but I would like to ask you, are you satisfied with the progress made so far? Or do you call for a new consensus that would go beyond what's been discussed and proved in the past.

President Macro ：Well, I have several comments on this, first of all, we’ve agreed on a climate agenda. The Paris agenda. And at this point, we have not lived up to our commitments, all of us. So our top priority is to do our utmost to stay true to our commitments. And I'm saying altogether, because there cannot be any freeloaders, we need to move together so as not to create, productivity biases, this is why in the last few years, when the US decided to leave the Paris Agreement, in the summer of 2017, there was a major risk. But I see that over the last few years since the House of Card did not, crumble tunnels. So we created the One planet Summit and we held study, you know, Europeans, a lot of emerging countries., China also. Let us not forget, they cooperated very much so, and also, with many federated states from the US，and now the Biden administrations first move was to join the Paris Agreement again. So I call upon everyone, as we did in Europe to revise upwards our objectives in terms of future emissions---minus 55%.

Second of all, we committed to carbon neutrality by 2050, these are the two decisive milestones in the near future to shape our behavior. Now we need to apply this at the local, the regional level. We need to have a carbon pricing that is high enough. We need to have mechanisms that encourages and invites companies to go down that road. We need to have sanction mechanisms so that companies, households can go faster, stronger, we need to renovate our buildings, our cars,etc. So this is the first pillar, and it is essential, the second pillar is about bringing with us the finance industry and private companies, the private sector. And this circles back to what we were saying.

I really believe in the initiative that I've set up with the One Planets Summit with sovereign wealth funds, acid managers and private equity players. So on December twelfth of last year, we had a virtual meeting with all these partners, and we've managed to bring under one same heading, if you will, one thing, project to.The climate financial disclosure task force，the so called CFD task force, this is a really, this is a great step forward. And so we have a great methodology. Now, investors have committed themselves to a measurement methodology, which is really what you were talking about, which we are now applying at company level. And on December twelfth last, we managed to have the companies of the cack, forty in France adopt this new methodology, so they will have to prove to the markets, to the capital markets, that they comply with these criteria. Third pillar, we need to do the same with biodiversity.I am convinced that we will only be able to state you to our climate commitments if we can embark our companies, our people, our countries on a biodiversity agenda. This is what we meant to do with one health, the one health initiative. Because this brings together the fight against a certification against climate change for biodiversity and this is what we are currently doing for climate, we need to do for biodiversity. This will entail changes in in agricultural production in the very way that we consume and live. And so this year, we have to come up with common rules. So when you ask, what more do we need to negotiate so I believe that in the coming summit, we need to be able to negotiate the equivalent of the Paris Agreement, but from biodiversity. A few days ago in Paris, we had a virtual One Planet Summit for biodiversity. We took several major initiatives, the great green wall was one of them. It straddles eleven countries of the sale and the Horn of Africa. In order to fight disertification, many initiatives also for biodiversity, and we launched a new initiative for financial disclosure.

Professor Schwab :So these are the three pillars that I would like to put forward.Mr, president, if we take all these changes, does it mean that we will need to bring about a new era or a new mode of globalization, a new normal for globalization?

President Macro :Yes, it does. Everything that we're talking about is pointing into the same direction. And three elements in particular, first of all, we need to build a new consensus on November the eleventh last during the Paris peace summit, we tried to bring together heads of states, ngos ,intellectuals to try and think about what we, modestly called the Paris Consensus, it's the consensus of everywhere, it's not the matter, but the idea was to observe, basically, that we needed to move beyond the Washington consensus. We needed to move beyond deregulation and the end of state intervention. And this is the discussion that we've been having since the beginning, we need to build a new consensus that integrates all this,Second of all, we need to find a new mode of cooperation between states. Basically to go back to an efficient brand of multilateral, and this is what I have believed in for years,it was stymied by previous US administration, which did not believe in it, I have a lot of hopes for this new year with our American partner, which I hope is about to re-engage with us, we need to build an efficient brand of multilateral and electoralism for this new consensus. And thirdly, we need to build these new coalitions, those that we try to build in One Planet Summit, which was to meet those challenges. The new normal that you mentioned.

Interpreter:And here the interpreter has no signed ,apologies. We seem to have lost President Macron.We have recovered the sound. It seems.

Professor Schwab :Mr.president. In all what you mentioned is also the Fourth Industrial Revolution. How much will the digital system bring a new future, how would it make this vision of the future more possible.

Interpreter:And it seems that we have lost President Macron. Sorry I seem to have lost you for a minute. Ah, president!

Professor Schwab :Then I can ask you, I know how interested you are in new technologies, and I was just asking you a question on the Fourth industrial revolution, but in all its different concepts, you know, the digital is playing a major role. How do you see the impact of the digital ecosystem on everything that you mentioned before?

President Macro :I think there's several, actually.The first one is that we are seeing many revolutions at the moment when it comes to the digital, but there are several revolutions rolled into one. We are the starter of a technological revolution. We have the AI, artificial intelligence revolution as well. That is going to change productivity and is going to change the paradigm from industry to health care, to space. And next to AI revolution, you'll have a quantum revolution as well. And through the computation powers is going to deeply change our industry by changing the industry of sensors. What you can do in the aeronautic industry, in civilian industries, and so on. And that means also our capacity to solve problems, the current pandemic, for instance, quantum Intelligence will completely change the way we attack on pandemics in the future. So problems that would take weeks to solve will be solved in one day. Diagnosis will be able to be made in just a few moments, thanks to AI and quantum intelligence. So we have a convergence between those different innovations, the digital on the one hand, which is what we call a social networks and hyperconnectivity and quantum technologies, and AI and the combination of all this means that we are going to have an acceleration of innovation of deep breakthroughs in terms of innovation. And we'll see a capacity to commoditize some industries and to create value very quickly. So from what I've just said, what impact will it have? Firstly, we're going to continue to innovate and to accelerate, that's for sure. Secondly, they will be impact in terms of social adjustments, and we have to think about them from now. So social inequalities will be even truer in tomorrow's world, because we will see these impacts, we will have these adjustments that will be real, and we have to consider them from today. Thirdly, it will have democratic impact. So I believe that these will accelerate our problems on a social and democratic point of view. What we’ve seen in the US showed this on the democratic side in the last few weeks and fourthly, on the resilience of our systems and the response to the climate crisis, I believe that we underestimated the advances in terms of innovation, and I think these technologies will mean that we will be able to respond to the climate crisis a lot faster. So if we step back a little, I believe that our economies are going to have to invest in these innovations faster, and we have to go for it, and if we work well and we cooperate, then these innovations will mean that we can create value and we can meet the economic challenges. And I really believe that it will mean that we can answer faster to the climate challenge. And this is why I believe in the economy of the better. And it's better to improve, rather to stop activities. But it will lead to some questions in terms of the democracies, the inequalities, social inequalities in our countries.

Professor Schwab : Mr. president, this was a very comprehensive vision of our future. But the future is going to happen no matter what, and we have to build it. And I'm very pleased that through your explanations, we see that some people and some leaders have a very clear vision of how to act and how do you think about this future. And what this future should do, what it should look like and how it should be built for the good of humanity. So thank you very much, President. I'm very sorry that technology failed us somewhat, uh, between Paris and Geneva, but nevertheless, I believe that, this was a great event, and we were able to look into the future, somewhat. Thank you very much, president.

President Macro :Thank you Professor, thank you very much. Everyone is true that sometimes we are back to the grinding stone. But I think it was very nice to be able to look forward a little bit. And I fully share your last words. Let's not forget that the target is always to build the good life with all its advantages, and with the will of respecting the other. And we have to serve this target.

Professor Schwab :So thank you very much. I wish you a very good year 2021, and I hope to see you in person very soon.

President Macro :Thank you very much.