近日，美國國內因新冠肺炎疫情導致針對亞裔的歧視、仇恨犯罪案件飆升。民主黨2020年大選參選人、華裔商人楊安澤在《華盛頓郵報》發表了一篇文章，在分享被歧視的經歷時，他表示對自己身為亞裔感到“有點羞愧“，並呼籲亞裔美國人應該積極向美國展現自己的忠心，證明自己是個愛美國、願意為美國做貢獻的美國人。

這篇文章發表後，不僅在亞裔群體中引起了強烈的爭議，更是遭到了日裔美國人的抨擊。不少亞裔人士都在抨擊他這種認為亞裔只有更努力展現“美國人的一面”，才能避免被歧視的言論。隨後，哥倫比亞大學華裔學生許燦文在《華盛頓郵報》發文反駁，認為楊安澤不願意聲討那些製造仇恨的人，反而選擇做一個“白人討好者”，強化了幾十年來關於亞裔逆來順受的刻板印象。今天我們就來看看這兩篇刊登在《華盛頓郵報》上的文章，了解美國亞裔面對疫情下的種族歧視所持的不同態度：

We Asian Americans are not the virus, but we can be part of the cure.

我們亞裔美國人不是病毒，而可以為消除病毒貢獻一份力量。

By Andrew Yang

楊安澤

Last week I was shopping for groceries and preparing to hole up at home with my wife, Evelyn, and our two boys. There was an eerie, peculiar aura in the parking lot in upstate New York as night fell and shoppers wheeled out essentials and snacks.

上星期的一天，我去超市購物，準備接下來就和妻子伊夫琳及兩個兒子一起窩在家裡。夜幕降臨，購物者一車車往外推著食物和必需品，紐約北部這個停車場裡的氣氛不同尋常、有些怪異。

Three middle-aged men in hoodies and sweatshirts stood outside the entrance of the grocery store. They huddled together talking. One looked up at me and frowned. There was something accusatory in his eyes. And then, for the first time in years, I felt it.

三名穿著連帽衫和運動衫的中年男子站在超市門外。他們擠在一起聊天。其中一個抬頭看到我，眉頭就皺了起來，眼神裡帶有某種指責的意思。多年來，我第一次感到了這一點：

I felt self-conscious — even a bit ashamed — of being Asian.

我感到了不自在——甚至有一點點羞愧——就因為我是亞裔。

It had been years since I felt that way. I grew up with semi-regular visitations of that sense of racially tinged self-consciousness. It didn’t help that I was an awkward kid. But after adulthood, marriage, a career, parenthood, positions of leadership and even a presidential run, that feeling had disappeared — I thought.

我已經很多年沒有這種感覺了。在成長的過程中，我似乎隔段時間就會因為自己的種族而覺得不自在。我小時靦腆笨拙，感覺尤為強烈。但是經歷了長大成人、娶妻成家、開創事業、生兒育女、擔任領導甚至參加總統競選之後，那種感覺早就不見了——我以為不見了。

My place in this country felt assured. I have it better than the vast majority of Americans of any background. When comedian Shane Gillis slurred me by name, I did not think he deserved to lose his job. It barely registered when a teenager yelled “Chink” at me from the window of his car in New Hampshire a number of months ago. My only reaction was to think, “Well, I’m glad that neither of my sons was around because then I might have to explain to them what that word means.”

我對自己在這個國家所處的位置很放心。我比絕大多數美國人都過得好，無論他們背景如何。但是當喜劇演員肖恩·吉利斯指名道姓詆譭我時，我還覺得他不至於為此丟了工作。幾個月前，我在新罕布什爾州遇到一個年輕人坐在車裡透過車窗向我大吼Chink，我也幾乎沒什麼感覺。我當時唯一的反應是想：“嗯，幸虧兩個兒子沒在身邊，不然還得向他們解釋這個詞的意思。”

But things have changed.

但情況已經變了。

In the past few weeks, the number of reported physical and verbal attacks on Asian Americans has increased dramatically. The percentage of Asians who use the not-for-profit Crisis Text Line to speak with a counselor has shot up from 5 percent of callers — about in line with our share of the population — to 13 percent, an increase of 160 percent. Some level of background disdain or alienation has grown into outright hostility and even aggression.

據報道，過去幾周，針對亞裔美國人的襲擊和謾罵激增。向非營利性組織“危機簡訊熱線”求助的人中，亞裔的比例已從5%（大致與人口比例相當）上升到了13％，增加了160％。某種程度隱隱的輕蔑或疏遠已經發展成不加遮掩的敵對甚至攻擊。

And we all know why. The coronavirus is devastating communities and lives. People’s livelihoods and families are being destroyed. And people are looking for someone to blame.

Before covid-19, too many Americans were already living paycheck to paycheck, working long hours just to get by. Now, we all are even more fearful for the future, worried about our parents, grandparents and children. We are anxious about our jobs, bills and next month’s rent or mortgage payment.

在新冠肺炎流行前，就已經有太多美國人過著月光族的生活，長時間工作也只是勉強度日。現在，我們大家都對未來更加恐懼，擔心我們的父母、祖父母和孩子。我們擔心自己的工作、賬單和下個月的房租或房貸。

In early February, when I was still running for president, someone asked me, “How do we keep the coronavirus from inciting hostility toward Asians in this country?”

I responded, “The truth is that people are wired to make attributions based on appearance, including race. The best thing that could happen for Asians would be to get this virus under control so it isn’t a problem anymore. Then any racism would likely fade.” This was weeks before “Chinese Virus” became a thing.

我回答說：“事實是，人們往往以貌——包括種族——取人。對於亞裔來說，最好的情況就是控制住這種病毒，那就什麼問題也沒有了。任何種族主義的言行可能隨之自行消退。”那時，距離“中國病毒”成為話題還有好幾周。

Now it is, and we have to figure out how to combat that, too. I’m an entrepreneur. In general, negative responses don’t work. I obviously think that being racist is not a good thing. But saying “Don’t be racist toward Asians” won’t work.

現在形勢嚴峻，我們也必須弄清楚如何與之鬥爭。我是做企業的，知道消極迴應一般來說都沒用。我當然認為種族主義不好，但僅僅靠說“不要對亞裔種族歧視”是沒用的。

I have been thinking about ways to improve that encounter at the grocery store. People are hurting. They look up and see someone who is different from them, whom they wrongly associate with the upheaval of their way of life.

我一直在思考如何能改善我在超市遇到的那種情況。人們受到了傷害，他們抬頭看到某個與他們不同的人，錯誤地將這個人與自己生活遭遇的劇變聯絡起來。 Natalie Chou, a UCLA basketball player, said that she felt better when she wore her UCLA gear, in part because the association reminded people that she was an American. UCLA女籃華裔球星仇莉莉說，她穿著UCLA隊服時自我感覺更好，部分原因是這提醒了人們她是美國人。

During World War II, Japanese Americans volunteered for military duty at the highest possible levels to demonstrate that they were Americans. Now many in the Asian American community are stepping up, trying to demonstrate that we can be part of the solution. Some 17 percent of U.S. doctors are Asian and rushing to the front lines.

二戰期間，日裔美國人的熱情空前高漲，紛紛自願參軍，以表明他們是美國人。現在，許多亞裔美國人也站了出來，努力證明我們可以為解決問題貢獻一份力量。美國約有17％的醫生是亞裔，他們都奔赴了抗疫前線。

We Asian Americans need to embrace and show our American-ness in ways we never have before. We need to step up, help our neighbors, donate gear, vote, wear red white and blue, volunteer, fund aid organizations, and do everything in our power to accelerate the end of this crisis. We should show without a shadow of a doubt that we are Americans who will do our part for our country in this time of need.

我們亞裔美國人需要以前所未有的方式擁抱和展現我們美國人的一面。我們需要站出來，幫助鄰居、捐贈物品、投票、穿紅白藍色服裝、當志願者、資助援助組織，竭盡全力讓這場危機儘快結束。我們應該毫不猶豫地表明，我們作為美國人，在這個危急時刻，會為國家儘自己的義務。

Demonstrate that we are part of the solution. We are not the virus, but we can be part of the cure.

證明我們可以為解決問題貢獻一份力量。我們不是病毒，而可以為消除病毒貢獻一份力量。

Andrew Yang was wrong. Showing our ‘Americanness’ is not how Asian-Americans stop racism.

楊安澤錯了，展示我們“美國人的一面”並不能讓亞裔美國人擺脫種族歧視。By Canwen Xu許燦文

I grew up Asian American in North Dakota, South Dakota and Idaho, some of the whitest states in this country. I learned to speak accentless English. I had mostly Caucasian friends until college, and I learned to eschew the meek and submissive stereotypes that plague so many Asian Americans today.

我是在北達科他、南達科他和愛達荷長大的亞裔美國人，這些州都是美國白人最多的州。我講一口地道的英語。上大學之前，我的朋友大多是白人，我學會了摒棄亞裔溫順和順從的刻板印象——這種印象現在依舊讓許多亞裔美國人備受困擾。Did these things make people think I was American? Absolutely not. I was constantly asked where I was from — even though my race is the only indication that I could be from anywhere but the United States. 這些會讓人認為我是美國人嗎？絕對沒有。我經常被問到是哪裡人，儘管只有我的種族這一點能顯示出我不是美國人。

Entrepreneur and former presidential candidate Andrew Yang argued in The Post this week that Asian Americans demonstrating their “American-ness” is the best way to combat racism related to the covid-19 pandemic. His message was effectively: There’s no practical use in telling folks not to be racist. So let’s combat racism by showing everyone how American we are. He urged people to follow the example of Japanese Americans who enlisted in the military during World War II, demonstrating their own “American-ness” in a time of crisis. Yang omitted the fact that while 33,000 volunteered to serve in the war, more than 120,000 were placed in internment camps at home.

企業家、前總統候選人楊安澤本週在《華盛頓郵報》上撰文稱，展示自己“美國人的一面”是亞裔美國人抗擊與新冠肺炎大流行有關的種族主義的最佳方式。他想表達的意思很清楚：告訴人們不要種族歧視沒有實際意義。所以，我們應該通過向所有人展示我們是貨真價實的美國人來抗擊種族主義。他呼籲人們以二戰期間入伍的日裔美國人為榜樣，在危機時刻展示自己“美國人的一面”。但楊安澤忽略了一個事實：在3.3萬日裔美國人志願為美國而戰的同時，還有超過12萬的同胞被安置在了美國的“集中營”。

During Yang’s run for the Democratic presidential nomination, I appreciated his solution-based thinking. That drew me to his campaign, and it helped me overlook his previous tone-deafness toward race issues. But for many Asian Americans, myself included, his op-ed went too far. Instead of calling out the recent hostility toward Asians for what it is — the reincarnation of historical misconceptions that Asians are dirty and uncivilized — he chose to be a people pleaser. Specifically, the white-people pleaser. He further entrenched the decades-old myth of the model minority: that Asian Americans are the obedient people of color, the ones who are willing to uphold a system that is rigged against us by submissively working within.

在楊安澤角逐民主黨總統候選人提名期間，我很欣賞他以解決問題為基礎的思考模式。這一點吸引了我參與他的競選活動，也讓我忽略了他之前面對種族問題的遲鈍。但是，對包括我在內的許多亞裔美國人來說，他文章中的觀點太過火了。他沒有指出最近人們對亞裔的敵意究竟是什麼——是從前認為亞裔骯髒粗野的錯誤印象的死灰復燃——而選擇去討好別人。具體來說，就是討好白人。他進一步鞏固了數十年來關於這個模範少數族裔的謬見：亞裔美國人是順從的有色人種，哪怕體制針對他們，他們也願意順從地服務以示支援。

He does this through his insistence on adherence to a “win-win” framework, which tries desperately not to offend anyone. As Anand Giridharadas described in his book “Winners Take All,” prominent business executives, thought leaders and philanthropists such as Yang have adopted the mind-set that solutions can be found to problems without ever criticizing the culprits. In practical terms, that means that instead of fighting “income equality,” we can fight “poverty.” Instead of calling out “sexism,” we can choose to “uplift women.” And instead of criticizing anti-Asian racism, Asian Americans can be told to wear red, white and blue in hopes that other Americans will finally think we’re one of them.

楊安澤之所以這麼說，是因為他堅持想要“雙贏”，這需要極力避免得罪任何人。正如阿南德·格里哈拉達斯在他的著作《贏者通吃》中所描述的，像楊安澤這樣傑出的企業高管、思想領袖和慈善家採用的都是這樣一種思維模式，即在不批評罪魁禍首的情況下也可以找到問題的解決方案。實際上，這就意味著：與其與爭取“收入平等”，不如消除“貧困”；與其大聲疾呼不要“性別歧視”，不如選擇“提升女性地位”；與其批評針對亞裔的種族歧視，不如讓亞裔美國人穿上紅白藍色衣服，希望其他美國人最終會將我們視為自己人。

But ignoring the root causes of social issues leads us toward shallow, and often temporary, fixes for problems while neglecting larger structural issues and precluding lasting solutions. The middle-aged men in hoodies that Yang mentions in his op-ed will not stop looking at him accusatorily simply because he dons an American flag-patterned hat. And the racism and otherization of Asian Americans will not stop simply because our community shows its “American-ness.” When the president of the United States still refers to covid-19 as the “Chinese virus,” I have a hard time believing that the issue is simply that white Americans in the United States haven’t seen Asian Americans mobilize yet.

但是，忽視社會問題的根源讓我們只會得到粗淺且往往臨時的解決方案，同時會忽略更大的結構性問題，排除了長期的解決方案。楊安澤在其專欄文章中提到的那些穿著連帽衫的中年男子不會因為他戴一頂美國國旗圖案的帽子就停止用責備的眼神看他。而針對亞裔美國人的種族歧視和他者化也不會因為我們亞裔表現出“美國人的一面”就停止。當美國總統仍然把新冠病毒稱為“中國病毒”，我很難相信，問題僅僅是美國的白人還沒有看到亞裔美國人行動起來。

Perhaps the main difference between Yang’s opinion and mine is that he focused on showing “without a shadow of a doubt that we are Americans who will do our part for our country in this time of need,” suggesting that the solution to hostility against Asians is just getting the virus under control. I personally have a hard time believing that people from, say, France, England or Sweden would face the same hostility if the coronavirus had originated in those countries.

也許楊安澤和我的觀點的主要區別在於，他強調“（我們）應該毫不猶地表明，我們作為美國人，在這個危急時刻，會為國家儘自己的義務”，暗示只要控制了病毒，對亞裔的敵視就會消失。我個人很難相信，如果新冠病毒疫情最先暴發於法國、英國或瑞典等國，這些國家的人也會面臨同樣的敵意。

I appreciate Yang’s call to action, but his argument was atrociously framed. We, as Asian Americans, should absolutely be part of the solution to coronavirus. We should certainly “do everything in our power to accelerate the end of this crisis.” But that’s not because our actions will demonstrate that we are American. They won’t. It is because we are obligated to as members of our communities and, most importantly, as human beings.

我很欣賞楊安澤呼籲人們採取行動，但他的論點被粗暴地框定了。作為亞裔美國人，我們絕對應該為消除新冠病毒貢獻一份力量。我們當然應該“竭盡全力讓這場危機儘快結束”。但這並不是因為我們這麼做會證明我們是美國人。這些行動證明不了這一點。我們這麼做是因為作為社群的一分子——最重要的是，作為人類的一分子——我們有義務這樣做。