#大學英語聽力#
Solar storms powerful enough to wreak havoc on electronic equipment strike Earth every 25 years, according to a new study.
根據一項新的研究，強大到足以對電子裝置造成嚴重破壞的太陽風暴每隔25年襲擊地球一次。
And less powerful - yet still dangerous - storms occur every three years or so.
強度較小但仍然危險的風暴大約每三年發生一次。
This conclusion comes from a team of scientists from the the University of Warwick and the British Antarctic Survey.
這一結論來自華威大學和英國南極調查局的一組科學家。
These powerful storms can disrupt electronic equipment, including communication equipment, aviation equipment, power grids, and satellites.
這些強大的風暴可以擾亂電子裝置，包括通訊裝置、航空裝置、電網和衛星。
The team identifies two types of powerful magnetic storms: 'great super storms' are the most powerful and occur every 25 years on average.
研究小組確定了兩種型別的強大磁暴：“超級大風暴”是最強大的，平均每25年發生一次。
The weaker but still dangerous 'severe super storms' occur every three years on average.
較弱但仍然危險的“嚴重超級風暴”平均每三年發生一次。
The new paper presenting these results is titled "Using the aa index over the last 14 solar cycles to characterize extreme geomagnetic activity." It's published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
呈現這些結果的新論文題為“使用過去14個太陽週期的AA指數來表徵極端地磁活動”。這篇文章發表在“地球物理研究快報”上。
The lead author is Dr. S.C. Chapman from the University of Warwick.
主要作者是華威大學的S.C.查普曼博士。
Solar storm are also called geomagnetic storms.
太陽風暴也稱為地磁暴。
They're caused by disturbances in the Sun that send charged particles into space.
它們是由太陽中的擾動引起的，這些擾動將帶電粒子送入太空。
When those particles strike Earth's magnetosphere, they cause the storm.
當這些粒子撞擊地球的磁層時，它們會引起風暴。
The particles can come from coronal mass ejections (CME), co-rotating interaction regions (CIR), and coronal holes that emit a high-speed stream of solar wind that can travel twice as fast as normal solar wind.
這些粒子可以來自日冕物質拋射(CME)、共轉相互作用區域(CIR)和日冕洞，日冕洞發射高速的太陽風流，其傳播速度是正常太陽風的兩倍。
The most famous geomagnetic storm is the Carrington Event of 1859.
最著名的地磁暴是1859年的卡林頓事件。
The Carrington Event is also the most powerful geomagnetic storm ever recorded.
卡林頓事件也是有記錄以來最強大的地磁風暴。
That storm knocked out some telegraph systems in different parts of the world, started some fires, and even shocked some telegraph operators.
那場風暴摧毀了世界各地的一些電報系統，引發了一些火災，甚至震驚了一些電報運營商。
More recently, a 1989 storm in Quebec disrupted the power distribution system, and created powerful auroras that were seen as far south as the state of Texas.
最近，1989年魁北克的一場風暴擾亂了配電系統，並創造了強大的極光，遠至南方的德克薩斯州。